13& fldkj dsj csk[kkj p<+S jgk vkck
fljekSj
rs gekj cnyh gks; xS xaxso dkA rkjh[k 12 Qjcjh 1962 dk ^Qksj uwu* ek ^Tokbu
fdgsu*A rcS ^Qksj uwu* vkS ^vkQ~Vj uwu* dsj cM+k egRo jgkA [kkl dfj ds izekslu
ik; ds ^Tokbu* djS ek ^flfu;kjVh* izHkkfor gksck djr jghA x¡xso xk¡o r lM+d ds
ifPNe ek nwjh jgk iS lM+d ds tejs Bkdqj lkgc xWxso dsj v/kiDdk iqjku /kjelkyk
jgkA vkxs vk/ks ek ykxS Cykd vkfQl] ihNw
vk/ks ek jgr jgsa lifjckj ch0 Mh0 vks0 y[ku yky [kjsA cxy ek eVhgk ,d dksBck
dsj jgk gS iapk;r Hkou] vksek gekj Msjk /kjkuA Cykd dsj vmj veyk lM+d ds tejs
dqN mgSa ds cLrh ek nqb nqb rhu rhu tu ,d ,d dksBjh ek jgck djr jgsaA ifjckj u
rks ge ys vk;s jgu u vku dksÅA Cykd ds ^izh,DlVsUlu* dky chfr xk jgkA iwjk veyk
inLr gks; xk jgkA vkfQl fcfYMax vkS chMhvks fuckl Bk<+ gks; xk jgkA /kjelkyk
jhr Hkk r ge vkiu ifjckj ys vk; ds vuekl fygsuA izkFkfed LokLFk dsUnz cfu xk
jgk iS vksdj DoVZj ugha cus jgsaA MkDVj }kfjdkizlkn [kjs vius lsds.M gS.M csch
vkfLVu ij rss jhck rs vi Mkmu djck djr jgsaA
gejs xk¡o ds gekj dDdk ykxS ckys dEikm.Mj }kfjdk flag guqeuk rs cnyh
gks; x;s ij vk; ds gejs lkFk /kjelkyk ek jgS ykxs jgsaA rcS ctkj x¡xso e ugh
jghA ,d cfu;k dsj iDdh nqdku lM+d ds cktw ek jghA dbvd Vijk uqek] ykbZ]
yqMqb;k] puk] pcSuk dsj eM+bph jghaA dbvd ljdkjh eqykfte tc rc] vkcdkjh ekus
euxek ds usluy gkbZos ij] tgk¡ ykjh Bk<+ gksck djr jgha] dbvd pk; ukLrk ds
vykck <kck jgsa] m¡gk tk; ds [kkuk [kk; vkcr jgsaA x¡xso ek rcS twfu;j gkbZ
bldwy jgkA gkbZ bldwy ckn ek Hkk jgkA eaxyckj dk lM+d ds iVjh ij ,d NksV dk lIrkfgd ctkj ykxr jghA
vksa fnuk gQ~rk Hkjs dk lc tus rjdkjh cslkfg ds /kb ysr jgsaA gejs mgk¡
15@9@1963 rd jgr DokVZj ifgysu cfu xs jgsaA Qsj r gegw lifjckj jgS ykxs jgu
CYkkd DokVZj ekA
xaxso
Cykd {ks= ek ou ugha jgsaA gk¡ bgk¡ ds ryk;u ek ysnh] flygh] lqj[kkc vkS udVk
[kwc vkck djr jgsaA tc rc tk; ds ekfj ys vkcr jgsuA tc dckS mRrjh Hkkx dbZ tbZ
rks jks>m¡gh vkS dsamVh ds Mk¡M+h ek fQlfdUuh&dksVjh fejxh fey tkr jgha
iS cgqrS deA vblu lqf/k vkcfr gS fd ,dS nqb csjdh ekj ik;uA ,d csjdh nmjk djr
cgqjr vk/kh jkr lsangk xk¡o igq¡psu r xyr Qgeh ek eku yhu x;u MkdwA tkuk gjfcu
ifgpku yhu x;u ugh arks eqjpk ys; dsj rS;kjh gks; pqdh jghA vPNk b;k Hkk fd
ftuds bgk¡ muds cksyk;s rss x;s jgsu Å¡ mlfufngk mfB ds nqljs xk¡o fgukSrh cUnwd ekxS pys xsA lk;n v/kfufn;k liu n[ks
jgsa fd Mkdw muds ?kjs ds fHkrjs ?kqls gk¡a ;srss vius ?kj ds fHkrjs canwd ys; ugha xasA b;k ckr vksbu crkbuA yxs
ds xk¡o fgukSrh rss vius iV~Vhnkj ds ckjg cksj dkjrwl lfgr ys vk; ds pf<+ ds
cbfB xs jgsa xby rkfd ds cjk ds isaM+s ijA fgukSrh ek efp xk jgk gYykA mgk¡ ds
vkckt lqfu ds gegha ld gks; xk jgk fd dqN xM+cM+ t:j gS dkgs dksÅ eq[kkfrc ugha
gksr ykx vk;A rc ge Ikk¡ps muds vkslkjh rs Vfj dss vk; x;s jgu ckjh ds cbcsA
rcfgu Msjkr Msjkr ,d i<+b;k yfM+dk yxs vk; ds iw¡N rk¡N djS ykxA jls jls
dbvd tus l¡/kjs vkS ckr phr [kqfy ds gks; ykx rc cjk ij p<+s fct;cgknqj flag
gekj cksyh vudr mrfj ds vk¡;s vkS yifV cktsaA
ftyk
ek izFke vk;s jgsa xzkelsod vkf”kdvyh [kk¡ dmukS ckr rss cfu xsa dysDVj jhok
“kadjyky “kEkZk dsj dksiHkktu vkS guqeuk fodkl [k.M rss LFkukUrfjr gks; ds vk;
xsa x¡xsoA dgr u gk¡ pksj pksj emlsjs HkkbZA ;sÅ¡ jgsa rqidnkj tmus dk gkyS ek
dysDVj tir djk; fygs jgsaA jls jls gekj mudj gks; pyh f?klk ferhA fldkj vfHk;ku
[kkfrj lq;ksx cukbl Vªdu dsj gM+rkyA ftyk ds fodkl [k.Mu ek QkeZu rss cht ys
vkcS dsj ftEesckjh lm¡ih xS d`f’k foLrkj vf/kdkfju dk vkS Vªkyh lfgr Cykd thi
n; nhu xSA fodkl [k.M jk;iqj ek rcS rd thi ugha vk;h jghA gejs bgk¡ ds thi db
nhu xS lk>s ekA jk;iqj fodkl [k.M dsj rc rd fcfYMaxsa ugh cuh jghaA mgk¡ ds
d`f’k foLrkj vf/kdkjh jhok rss vi Mkmu djck djr jgsaA Å¡ thi ys; vk;sa vkS ,d
fnu cjckn fdgs ds ckn lk¡f> ds thi fefy ikbZA murss ge dkQh lhfu;j jgsu ;s
rss gedk cuk; fyfgu nknk HkkbZ vkS b;k ijslkuh rss mckjS dsj isldl fdfguA ge
euS eu dgsu Hkys ekjs ge rks jkscb,s jgsuA mudk fclqvkl nsck;u] viuk fulksp
gks; tbZA tblu ge vius Cykd dsj cht <ks; jgsu gS vksek jk;iqj Cykd dsj
dk;ZØe lkfey d;s ysc vkS cht jk;iqjkS igq¡pkcr jgcA b;k esj rs thi vc gejs yxs
iwjh rjg rs vk; xSA thi pkyd jke flag cq¡nsy[k.M iUuk dsj nmvk Hkkjh fldkj
izseh jgsaA vkf”kdvyh rks gekj psyS cus jgsaA lcsjs fudjh vkS lksgkxh ds yxs
Qjgnh Qkje rsss x¡xso dsj cht ys vk; ds fuj/kkfjr tkxk ek MEi dbZ nsbZ vkS
lk¡f> ds tk; igq¡ph guqeuk] tgk¡ frtuh Qkje rss mBkbZ cht jk;iqj dsjA eÅxat
ls guqeuk rd ds vejs tejs ds Mk¡fM+u ek fQlfdUuh] dksVjh] cjgk vkS fcykjh ds
cM+h tkfru ds djkm¡N] cq¡nck] rsanqvk vkS fprjh dsj Hkjekj jgh vkS Å¡ txgu dsj
vkf”kd HkkbZ dk jgh gS [kwc tkudkjhA Qkje rss cht ynk; ds pysu] iUuh ek Vªkyh
vyx db ds Bk<+ db fngsu vkS ?kqfl x;u nfD[ku dbZ cu ekA mvk jkr gejs thcu
dsj vblu jkr jgh fd ,d ds ckn ,d lkr fejxk gejs vkS vkf”kd HkkbZ ds g¡kFks ekjs
xsaA lM+d ij vk; ds Vªkyh yxk; ds py fngsu jk;iqj dkA lkrS vkB fdyksehVj pysu
ds lkeus lM+d ij gejs this dbZ ,d dksVjh pkSdM+h Hkjr cgqr csx rss Hkkxh vkcr
jghA vksdk jxnaas jgk rsanqvkA dksVjh thi ds cgqr fu;js igq¡fp ds Hkkfx xS
dgkSa v¡f/k;kjs ekA dksVjh ds ,d ckjfxu xk;c gks; x;as rss vdcfd;ku vkS thi ds
gsMykbV rss p¡mf/k;ku fprck thi dbZ fugkjr vkxs ds xksM+u ds lgkjs] ihNw ds
xksM+u ds cys] chp lM+d ij iksan /kjs cbfB xkA thi Bk<+ djr jke flag dfgu
^^ekjks lkgc**A ge ik¡pu ds yxs ftUnk dkjrwlS ugha ck¡ps jgsaA [kyhlk rss tmu
nqb dkjrwl cSjsy ek Mkjsu mudk ifgysm pyk; pqds jgsu tmu ugha QwVs jgsa] rÅ
fVªxj nck;uA ugha pysa rks cSjy ek vny cny ds pyk;u] mudk ugha py; dk jgk rks
ugha pysaA vskgh fnuk rs Vªd vk¡Unksyu ckfil gks; ds jkrS rss /kkc; ykxs jgsa
Vªd tmus rs gekj fldkj vfHk;ku xM+cM+k; xk jgkA
fldkj
tk=k dsj vmjkS dbvd dgkuh g¡bZA tblu ck?k ds ejh [kkfrj HkSalk ck¡/kk tkr gS]
djkm¡N vkS rsanqvk [kkfrj cksdjk vksbluS ,d csjdh jljh rss ,d fiyck ck¡f/k ds
vkf”kd HkbZ vkS ge fnu cwM+S rs vk?kh jkr ds ckn rd isaM+s ij cbB rkds jfg x;u]
fprjhA fiymuk tc Nksjk; ds Hkkfx xk rc mrjsuA fcykjh rs cgqr tcj vkS djkm¡N
rsanqvk rss NksV gksr gS fprjh] tmu xk¡o ek ?kqfl ds fiycu vkS cksdjh HksaM+ ds
Nmuu dsj fldkj djr gSA
isaM+s
ij rs fujkl gks; ds mrfj vk;uA jkr vcS cgqr ckdh jghA vkf”kd HkkbZ izLrko fdfgu
fd dqN nwjh ek igjh ds [kkys fprcu dsj ek¡n g¡baZ] mgk¡ pfy ds dksfll dhu tk;]
gks; ldr gS ,dk/k HksaVk; tk;A ,d ek¡n ds eksgkjs ij gedk lrjd gks; ds Bk<+
db ds nqljs eksgkjs rss ik¡p lsy ckyk ,ojjsMh VkpZ ysls ?kqlsa vkS gjfcu b;k
dgr fudjsa ^vcfgu dqN nsj ifgys df<+ xk*aA mgk¡ rss xk¡o dbZ py fngsuA ikS
QVS ek vc FkksjS nsjh jgh fd ryk;s ek pFkj eFkj] pFkj eFkj gksr lqukuA ckr djc
cUn db ds lUuk; x;u nwukS tus vkS cf<+ x;u ryk;s ds esM+s ds rjh dbZA ryk;s
ds vxksj dbZ ikuh ek ?kqls jgsa ysagM+ Hkj cjgkA ekj rss cgqr nwj jgsaA l¡?kjS
ykxsu fd ik; xsa vkjkS vkS pgcd pgcd dsj vkckt ,d ?kjh dk lquku Qsj efp xk
lUukVkA cjgk Hkkfx xsaA b;k esj rs mvk fnu jkr dsj gekj fldkj i;ku fujklk dsj
jgkA
Qsj
gekj cnyh gks; xS lgMksy ftyk ds dksrek Cykd ekA vkf”kd HkkbZ gerss ifgysu ig¡qfp
xs jgsa t;rgjh Cykd ds HkkywekM+k dsUnz ekA tmu dksrek ds jgk uxhpsuA gekj
nwukS tusu dsj rcknyk ,d >xM+k ds dkju Hkk jgkA >xMk ek lkfey nqb lkFkh
ujsUnz flag vkS izseukFk dSyk ?kyk; VªkUlQj gks; x;s jgsaA
bgk¡ ge pkjS eghuk jgsu fd gekj rjDdh ofjLV d`f’k
fodkl vf/kdkjh ds in ij gks; xS l?ku d`f’k ftyk dk;Zdze jk;iqj dkA e/; iznsl
dsj ,d jk;iqjS ftyk jgk tgk¡ vejhdh QksMZ QkmUMslu dsj b;k dk;ZØe lapkfyr jgkA
dksrek jgr nqb rhu csjdh ubV Mªkbc djS dsj ekSdk feykA vkf[kjh csjdh ,d eLr
phrj gejs canwd rs fudjs ,y0th0 ds NjZu rs ?kk;y ?kqfl xk jgk cu ekA r; Hkk fd
fcgkus cu[kM+ ek cxck db ds ekj yhu tbZA yxsu ,d eM+b;k ek vkxh cjr ns[kkuA
tgk¡ igq¡ps ij fn[ksu fd eksV eksV nqb Bs d¡Bsxj cjr ykx gk¡ vkS rhu pkj tus vksds pkfjm dbZ dksn;s ds
iSjk dsj lFkjh fcNk;s xqBqvk rd ds QVgh ijnuh vkS c.Mh ifgjs ets rss im<+s
lks; jgs gk¡aA tc vkxh db dk eq¡g fdgs] ihB dbZ tM+k; ykxS r djeV gks; tk¡;A
tcfd ge ik¡ps Åuh diM+u rss yns Qns nk¡r fdVfdVkcr mgk¡ ig¡qps jguA gkM+k rd
d¡i d¡ik; ns; ckyh Bkjh jghA gejs ik¡pu ds igq¡ps rs Å¡ ik¡ps tkfx tkfx mfB ds
cbfB xsa vkS gedk i¡kpsu dk cbBS dsj tkxk cuk; fnfguA gejs lkFk jgsa Bkdqj lkgc
dksBh dsj ef>yÅ HkkbZA mudk lc tus phUgr jgsaA Fkskfju csj ek v¡tksj gks;
ykxA phrj fudgk ?kk;y gS b;k murs crk; nhu xk jgkA gejs lqf/k ek lk;n Å¡ ik¡ps
pkj tus jgsa ts [ksr rkdS vk; ds mgk¡ im<+s jgsaA mBkbu vkiu vkiu rhj deku
?kqfl xsa cu[kM+ ekA usjsu cbB fnf[k xk pksaV [kkck phrjA ,dck i¡tjs ds fulkuk
y;ds la/kku fnfgl rhjA tmu ?kqfl xk phrj ds djstk rdA ,d ?kjh dk phrj NViVk; ds
lUuk; xkA V¡fx;k rss /kck dsj ,d lk¡xk cuk; ds c¡mfM+u rss ck¡f/k ds ys vk;sa
vkS yknS ykxsa thi ijA Bkdqj lkgc dfgu [kky [khafp ds lkQ db nsr tk vkS vius
[kk; [kkfrj ek¡l /k; ysr tkA
lha?k]
[kky] iksaxM+] ik¡tj vkS djsth yknss dksBh ds x<+h e vk; ds iM+ko iM+kA rhu
fdfle dsj fldkj cuhA lk¡> gksr tsmukj HkSA jkr okfil igq¡psu dksrekA lkFkh
laxrh ?kjs vk; ds xsj fyfguA dgS ykxsa feBkbZ [kckbZA dkgs\ b;k dksÅ u crkeSA
jkeckcw ik.Ms; ts gejs lkFk nleh rd dsj lgikBh jgsa vkS vc cfu xs jgsa bUMLVªht
,DlVsUlu vkfQlj] rss jgkbZ ugh iM+hA Å¡ gedk crkbu fd gekj ofj’B d`f’k fodkl
vf/kdkjh ds in ij rjDdh gks; xS gS vkS l?ku d`f’k ftyk dk;ZØe jk;iqj esa
inLFkiuk HkS ghA
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