45

                           45&pj[kkjh ;k=k

^jhok rc vmj vc* fyf[k ds l¡mi fngs jgsu lq/khj dk] ge gks; x, jgu QqjlrgkA Åc; ykx jgk eu r idM+su vius Ekf>yÅ lkj uUgs ¼e`R;qUt; izrki flag½ dk ts fjVk;j gks; xs jgsaA c<+ x; jgh mudj] jhok vkok&tkghA b;k chp db pqds jgu muds lkFk nsokl vkS jk;iqj Nx dsj ;k=kA iqfu ds cuk; fygsu pj[kkjh ;k=k dk;ZØeA vkeaf=r fdgs jgsa pj[kkjh vkc; dk gekj fe=k Jh cyHknz fd”kksj xksLoehA vkil ek bZa gedk lEcksf/kr djr gSa ^njckj* vkS ge budk ^ckn”kkg] ts Qksu ls gedk b;k esj lwpuk fnfguA

^njckj! vktkvks] rqEgs mRrj izns”k dk dk”ehj dgs tkus okyk ,sfrgkfld uxj pj[kkjh fn[kk nw¡A rqEgkjh ,dkxzrk Hkax gks dj eu cgy tk, xkA ;gk¡ vkus ds fy, mfpr gksxh jhok&Nrjiqj cl] izLFkku iwcZ eq>s Qksu dj nsuA eSa rqEgs dkj lfgr cehBk esa bUrtkj djrs feyw¡ xkA^

cfj’k 2008 ds flrEcj eghuk dsj rkjh[k jgh ukSA irk fdgs jgsu fd Nrjiqj tk; okyh cl jsok¡py cl LVS.M ls 5 cts losjs NwVfr gSA rnkuqlkj UkUgs ds lkFk bgk¡ lk<+s pkj; cts igq¡fp x;s jgu] tc fd cl NwV 6 ctsA jkeiqj] lruk] ukxkSn Qsj iUuk ds igkM+h mrjr 152 fdyks ehVj nwjh ikj djr djhc 11 cts cl cEkhBk ek gedk ik¡pu d mrkj fnfglA ;sa dbZ vksa dbZ fugkjr utj tk; fxjh [ktqjkgks tk; okyh lM+d ds iVjh ij Bk<+] ek#r 800 ds lkeus [kM+s ckn”kkg ijA gjch gjch muds  dbZ c<+su r vksÅ¡ gejs ik¡pu dbZ yax³kr c<+saA ge pmvk; x;u ckn”kkg d y¡xMk+r nsf[k dsA iNyS okj Hkksiky e feys jgsuA buds frljh fcV;k] tsdk cpiu e ge I;kj ls ^fofy;e csafVax* dgr jgsu ds fcvkg lekjksg ekA rc rd ckn”kkg ges”kk ds ukbZa pqLr&nq#Lr jgsaA fjVk;eZsUV ds ckn dblu gks; xsa\ tc tc ge ek¡ps feyh r O;axkRed ygtk rk ,d nqljs dk dqN dfg ds feyhA;sa njdh tc xys feysa r ugha dgsu ^g¡lrk gqvk uwjkuh psgjk eank D;kasa\ iw¡Nsu ^^y¡xM++k D;ksa jgs gks] D;k ckr gks x;h\** cksysa ^^nq’euks dks xfB;k ckr gks x;kA^^ ge dgsu ^^rc Hkh nq’eu dkj Mªkbfoax djus ls ckt ugha vk;kA**

 gee u; eu lkspsu] djhc 90 fdyks ehVj ÅcM+&[kkcM+ jksM ij Mªkbo djr xksLokeh bgk¡ rd gegh ysckc; vk;s jgsaA dsruk d’V lfgu gksbgha\ b;k r HkqDr Hkksfxu tku ldr gSA tsds ik¡o u QVh csckbZ] rs dk tkuh ihj ijkbZA eS=h fuHkko; ek iqUusB] tokuh ek vPNs f[kykM+h jgs xksLokeh th] ges”kk dsj d’V lfg’.kq vkghaA [ktqjkgks igq¡psu r Ik;ZVd LFky ds izos”k }kj ij dkj Bk<+ d; ds dfgu ^^rqe yksx eafnj ns[k vkvks] EkSa rqEgkjs lkFk pyrk] nky&Hkkr esa ewlj pan ugha cuw¡xkA dgha cSB dj rqe yksxksa ds vkrs rd bUrtkj d:¡xkA^^

uUgs th [ktqjkgks ifgys csjdh vk;s jgsaA ge ifgys csjdh fcloha lnh ds i¡p; nld ek] fOkU/; izns”k dky] nqckjk e/; izns”k cu; ds djhc 25 cfj’k ckn  vB¡,¡ nld ek ns[kss jgsuA vcdh ,dbloha lnh ds vBosa cfjl ns[k; [kkfrj fVdV dVk; ds UkUgs th ds lkFk ?kqfl x;u izos”k }kj ds fHkrjsA mudk ,d ,d eafnj ns[kkor] tmu dqN [ktqjkgks ds ckjs e tkur jgsu crkor pysuA

[ktqjkgks ds eafnj p¡nsy jktiwr jktu ds “kklu dky] bZLoh lu 950 ls 1050 ds chp fufeZr djk;s xs gSaA dcgw¡ bgk¡ 85 eafnj jgsa] ij vc 22 cps gSaA p¡nsy jktk bZa eafnju ds fuekZ.k [kkfrj vyx&Fkyx ,d chjku tkxk pqfuuA ;sls fd Å¡ ;sdk ,d /kkfeZd fo|kihB dsj :I ns; pkgr jgsaA tekuk dsj jax cnyr xkA lRrk dsj mBk&iVd gksr jgh vk;h vkS yksx lSdM+u cfj’k ;sdk fcljk;s jgs vk;saA mfx vkck jgk bgk¡ taxyA lfn;u ckn b;k LFky dk iqfu ds [kkst fudkjk xkA bgk¡ ds gj eafnj ikFkj ds Å¡ph txrh ij Bk<+ dhu xs gSaA gj ,d mi[k.M dsj vkiu vyx Nr ;sls cukbZ xbZ gSa fd lcls Å¡pk okyk Hkkx ckp e jg; vkS fupyh Nr okys ckjtk :Ik e gksa;A bgk¡ ds eafnju ek rhu mi[k.M gSaA ifgy v/kZ e.Mi] nwlj lHkk e.Mi vkS rhlj xHkZx`gA bu eafnju d ns[k; [kkfrj] rhu Hkwxksfyd Hkkxu] iwjch] ifPNeh vkS nfD[kuh ek ck¡V nhu xk gSA

1&if”peh Hkkx dsj dUnfj;k egknso eafnj lcls cM+k vkS vkn”kZHkwr gSA ;sdj m¡pkbZ 31 ehVj gS vkS Hkhrj fojkts gSa f”ko vius fyax :Ik ekA ckgj ds nhokyu ek nsoh vkS nsmru dsj ewfrZ mdsjh gbZaA Hkhrj izos”k }kj] mudj LraHk] eafnj dsj Hkhrjh Nr ¼:Q½ ek eghy uDdk”kh gSA

2&pkSalB ;ksfxuh&xzsukbV ikFkj dsj bgk¡ ds eafnju ek lcls iqjku ¼bZLoh 900½ dsj vk;A nwlj dkyh eafnj ¼ewy fo’.kq lefiZr½ ek nsoh txnEck dsj gSA

3&fp= xqIRk eafnj&lwjt dbZ iwokZfHkeq[k gSA Hkhrj dsj nsoh ewjr 5 QhV Å¡fp gS tmu ?kksM+k u/ks jFk ij vk:<+ gSA bgk¡ “kkgh tqywl] f”kdkj fp= vkS u`R; lewg fp= mdsjs x, gSa] tmu p¡nsy njckj dsj n~;ksrd gSaA

4&fo”oukFk eafnj&;sek rhu flj okys czg~ek dsj ewjr LFkkfir gS vkS uanh ewjr eafnj dbZ fugkjr Bk<+ dhu x; gSA

5&y{e.k eafnj&izos”k }kj dsj HkjsBk czg~ek&fo’.kq&egs”k ds lkFk y{eh ewjfru ls vyad`r gSA fo’.kq izfrek ds rhu ewM+ gSaA ckgj gS ckjkg eafnj tmus ek 9 QqV Å¡p ckjkg ewjr Lfkfir gSA

iwohZ vkS nf{k.kh Hkkx ds eafnj ns[k; ugha tk; ik;uA vglkl jgk fd xksLokeh th vdsys u tkuh dgk¡ cbB mdrkr gksbghaA bgkS fd Fkfd x, jgu vkS isV ek ewlm dwn; ykxs jgsaA fudfj vk;u QkVd ds cbcsA xksLokeh th cbB jgsa ,d nqdku ds cbcs /kjh csUp ij tmus ge ik¡p mudk lgt; nsf[k ysbZA cbfB x;u dkj ijA cLrh ls ckgj fudfj ds lM+d fdukjs yxs ,d gS.M iEi ds ikl xksLokeh th dkj Bk<+ d; fnfguA dfgu ^^ ;gk¡ vke c`{k dh Nk;k gS vkSj gS gS.M iEi dk ikuhA pyks igys isV iwtk dj ysa fQj pyrs gSa vkxsA

xksLokeh th ?kj ls iwM+h&lCth cuok;s iSd djk; ds ys vk;s jgsaA gS.M iEi ek gk¡Fk eq¡g /kks; ds tqfV x;u isV iwtk dj;A tc muds lkFk ge NRrhl x<+ ek jgsu rc; xksLokEkh th R;kx fngs jgsa rkel Hkkstu djcA njly mudj fcuk yglqu fi;kt dsj lkfROkd Hkkstu lqLokn jgkA vPNk nkfc ds [k;u vkS Msdkj ysr dkj e cbfB ds py fngsu pj[kjh dkA ym¡M+h ek vt; flag ¼jkgqy Hkb;k½ ds tqywl ds dkj.k Q¡fl x; dkj tkEk ekA dblkS ds xksLokeh th dkj fudkfj ds pysa vkS fnu cwM+r igq¡pk; fnfgu pj[kkjh lnj cktkj ek uo fufEkZr djk;s vius vkokl ekA

losjsu ugk;&/kks; ds pk;&uLrk djk; ds xksLokeh th ysok; y; pysa nheku dsljh flag ujS;k okysu ls feykc; dkA buds ckjs ek gedk Qksu e crk, jgsa fd nheku lkgc ek= ,d fnu [kfrj  pj[kkjh dsj egkjktk jfg pqds gSaA 92 o’khZ; nheku lkgc lss fefy ds gegha cgqr dqN ,sfrgkfld rF; gkfly gks; ldr gSaA xksLokeh th cktkj ek dkj Bk<+ d; ds nheku lkgc [kkfrj Qy [kjhfnuA “kgj ds ckgjh vyax ds iqjku ifjos”k ds cLrh e l¡djh lM+d ek ?kqfl ds dkj vk; ds] ,d dPps edku ds lkeus cus pmjk ds cxy ek Bk<+ Hk;A njoktk ds ladjh [kV[kVk;s ij ,d c;kac`) dsejk [kksfyuA cL= lkekU;] “kjhj u cgqr Å¡p u cgqr ukVk] ij pqLr&nq#Lr] Åij dbZ dk Bk<+ dhu xsa lQsn esNu okyk nedr psgjk nsf[k ds ge lef> x;u fd ;sbu vkgh¡ nheku dsljh flagA o;ksc`) ds pj.k Li”kZ dj; dk ge >qdsu] fd gedk FkkfEg ds xjs yxk; fyfguA rc xksLokeh th gekj ifjp; mudk fnfguA uUgs th dss xksj&ukj] Å¡p&iwj dk;k vkS nenekr psgjk ij rus lQsn esNu ls izHkkfor nheku lkgc mudj ifjp; tku; dk mRlqd HksaA ge crk;u ^^ckcw e`R;qat; izrki flag cSl] bykgkckn tuin ds xk¡o djNuk fuoklh esjs e>ys lkykjtax gSaA** nheku th xnxn fxjk] vk¡f[ku ek lEeku Hkko Hkjs mugw¡ ls vfHkoknu fdfguA nheku dsljh flag ds foiUurk dsj pqxqyh] bgk¡ ds ifjos”k dj; ls ugha pwd] iS ge tmu vuqHko fdgsu mvka ;kn nsok; fnfgl] dfo v”kksd pØ/kj ds b;k ;qfDr dsj& ^bl Qdhjh dk etk dqN vkSj gSA gS Bld ,slh fd tSlh “kkg esaA*

v/khj jgk gekj eu] nheku dsljh flag dsj ,d fnu dk egkjktk pj[kkjh cu; okys izlax dk tku; dkA ge vku ckr NsfM+ ds Hkwfedk xk¡BuA ^^nheku lkgc! vkius 92 clar&gsear fcrk;s] ij yxrk gS fd vki esa 60&65 okyh izkS<+rk dh pqLrh&QqrhZ gSA**

tokc feyk ^^ gks ldrk gS esjs ek¡l] efnjk vkSj elkyksa ghu] fcuk NkSad c?kkj ds ek= mcys vkS ued fNM+ds lkfROkd Hkkstu lsou ds dkj.k ,slk gksA igys rks oftZ”k Hkh djrk jgk vk;k gw¡A vc rks vk¡[k vkSj dku Hkh eanh >sy jgs gSaSA**

gjfcvk; ds ge cksy iM+su ^^ eSa rks 60&65 o’kkasaZ dh mEkz esa igq¡prs rd gh] vksNh ckrsa u lqurs gq, Å¡ph ckrsa lquus yx x;k FkkA bl ekeys esa eSa vki ds leku gw¡A eSus lquk gS fd vki ,d fnu ds fy, gh lgh pj[kkjh LVsV ds egkjktk jg pqds gSaA d`ik dj ml izlax ls ges voxr djkb;sA**

gekj ckr lqfu ds] fcuk dqN cksys nheku lkgc mBsa] Hkhrj tk; ds ,d iqjku uksV cqd mBk; ys vk¡, vkS gejs lkeus ds Vscqy ij /k; fnfguA vks ek uksV dhu izlaxu ek ls b;k izlax dsj ge udy mrkfj fygsuA ^ jktk N=lky dk tUe la0 1706&1788 rd 1733 esa xn~nh ij cSBsA fopkg Jh egkjktk 1729 csjNk ckys iekj nheku xksiky iVjkuh nso dq¡oj ^deykerh^ eku dq¡oj fruds egkjktk fgjnS lk; Hk;s la0 1739 nwljh jkuh lgjk ds /k¡/kjs fgjn; lk; dh csVh fruds egkjktk txr jk; hk;s la0 1739 la0 1739 dh nwljh jkuh jkeiqj pkys c?ksys jktk /ku flag dh csVh mnau dq¡oj + + + +jkuh Hkqxar dq¡oj jko cgknqj inqe flag ftxuh jgs /k/kajs okyh jkuh ls fruds dqN ugha Hk;s egkjktk fgjns lk; ds C;kg dks o.kZu fy[krs gSaA jhok okys c?ksy ykyk jktk jke flag dh csVh fofp= d¡qoj fruds egkjktk lHkk flag rs iUuk jgsA

N=lky dh 19 jkfu;ksaaa ls 52 yM+ds Fks 40 cps nks dks jkT; fn;k egkjktk fgjns lk; cM+s dks iUuk egkjktk txr jk; ¼ cmvk th jktk dh ek½ ine flag txr jk; ds HkkbZ fdl jkuh ds csVs Fks irk ughaA* vkxs uksV Fkk& vksjNk dk bfrgkl yksd f”k{k.k lapkyuky; e/; izns”k& yNeu flag xkSj vksjNk rglhy fuokM+h ftyk Vhdex<+&

1& fgjns lk; iUuk ds jktk&eÅ] x<+kdksVk] dkfratj] “kkgx<+ vkSj mlds vklikl dk bykdk&42 yk[kA

2&txrjk; dks tSriqj] vt;x<+] pj[kjh] fctkoj] ljhyk] Hkwjkx<+ vkSj ck¡nk vkenuh&36 yk[kA

3&ckthjko is”kok&33 yk[k vkenuh&dkyih] gVk] fgjn; uxj] tkYkkSu] xq3ljk¡;] >k¡lh’ fljkst] xquk] lkxj vkSj NksVh NksVh tkxhjsaA

Jh enu flag jktk nheku dsljh flaga ujS;k okys budks egkjktk pj[kkjh vfjenZu flag xksn ysuk pkgrs FksA egkjkuh cny x;hA ftxuh vfjenZu flag ds dDdkA lu 1932 dh ckr gS xksn ysus dh tSriqj dqyigkjA vksjNk dk cVckjkA egkjktk #nzizrki mn;thr&egksck fn;k x;k Fkk tkxhjA trkjk mn;thr dks fn;k FkkA N=lky ds ukuk vksjNk ds jktk 5&6 ih<+hA

Åij okyh bckjr uksV d; ds ge dgsu ^^ nheku lkgc! yxrk gS cq¡nsyk jktk N=lky] jhek¡ jkT; ds c?ksy jktk Hkko flag ls jkfu;k¡ tqVkus vkSj csVk iSnk djus esa thr x,A c?ksy jktk Hkko flag ftudk “kklu dky jgk gS bZLoh lu 1660 ls 1696 rd us 18 jkfu;k tqVkbZ Fkha ij ,d Hkh csVk iSnk ugha dj ik;sA cq¡nsyk jktk N=lky us 19 jkfu;k¡ tqVkbZa vkSj 52 csVs iSnk fd, FksA** ge dg; pkgr jgsu fd tks Å¡ jktk cus jgs vmrsa r dsruh jkuh tqgcmrsa] iS ugha dfg ik;uA

nqigj gks; x; jgh] nheku lkgc dk lkFk y; ds lc tus vk; x;u xksLoeh th ds bgk¡A lkFk ek Jh [ksejkt th ikBd ?kyk; jgsaA bZa jhok ds njckj dkyst ek if<+u gS] ;sls gejs ygqjs HkkbZ Lo0 v#.k ls ifjfpr jgsaA ikBd th lkfgR;dkj gSaA lc tus lkFk; [kkuk [kk;uA ikBd th vius ?kjs pys xs jgsa] ge ik¡ps vkjke fdgsuA lk¡f> dsj pk;&ikrh djk; ds xksLokeh th lc dk dkj ij cbBk; ds py fnfgu pj[kkjh ds HkO; eafnju ds la>k vkjrh ns[kkc;A dbvd eafnju e y; xsaA muds ckjs e c[kku djr muls lacaf/kr ckrsa crkbuA /kkfEzkZd ckru ek gekjk #fp ugha vk;A eafnju ds cukoV gedk t:j izHkkfor fdfglA

nqljs fnu cM+s losjsu ls ykLrk&ikuh d; ds fudj iM+suA xksLokeh th ;kstuk c) ,d dbZ ls pj[kkjh ds izR;sd n”kZuh; LFkyu dsj n”kZu djkbuA gj LFky ds ckcr ,d dq”ky xkbM ds :Ik ek lc dqN ns[kkor] muds ckjs esa crkor vPNk Kku o/kZu djkbuA fdacnarh vk/kkfjr dmukS vykSfdd ckr u crk; ds ;FkFkZ ijd tkudkjh fnfguA lkFk; vius dherh dSejk ek gj LFky dsj fp= dSn djr pysa vkS pj[kjh ls okil gks; ds nkjh gedk fuxsfVg~o Bsa?kk; ds pj[kjh ;k=k dk ;knxkj cuk; fnfguA

lpeqp ,sfrgkfld vkS lqjE; gS pj[kkjhA ;sfgu ls rks dgkor gS cq¡nsy[k.M dsj dk”ehjA foU/; izns”k ds izFke pj.k fuekZ.k le; ek cq¡nsy[k.M ds 35 fj;klru vkS tkxhju dk la;qDr dhu xk jgkA rc pj[kkjh foU/; izns”k dsj Hkkx jgkA dgk tkr gS rRdkyhu mRrj pzns”k ds eq[; ea=h ia0 xksfoUn cYYkHk iar] pj[kkjh i/kkjsa] ;sdj oSHko vkS lqUnjrk nsf[k ds eksfgr gks; xsaA >fV~Vu fl;klrh xksVh fQV d; ds tksfj fyfgu vius mRrj izns”k ekA orZeku dky ek pj[kkjh] egksck ftyk dsj ,d rglhy eq[;ky; gSA nqHkkZX; o”k jsy ekxZ ls ugha tqjk vk; ;sls nck&yqdku vl gSA

dkj lnj ctkj ls fudyh ;sdj fuekZ.k xqykch uxjh ds rtZ ij dkjkc; dsj Js; gS jktk lj ey[kku flag dkA ;sbu jktk pj[kkjh dsj ,sfrgkfld M;ks<+h njcktk vkS jktegy ?kyk; fuekZ.k djk;s jgsaA lM+d ij ls pyr xksLokeh th ns[kkbu jkockx egyA bg; gS ojreku pj[kkjh jktifjokj dsj vkokl] tgk¡ ,d Ldwy ?kky lapkfyr gSA b;k egy dsj fuekZ.k egkjktk vfjenZu flag vius usikyh egkjkuh [kkfrj djk;s jgsaA bZa egkjkuh usiky ujs”k dsj jktdqekjh jghaA vc vkxs cf<+ ds igq¡fp x;s jgsu lqjE; rky rV ij] tgk¡ jkT;dh; vfrfFkx`g&rky dksBh fLFkr gSA ;sdj fuekZ.k txrjk; ds ckn flagkluk:<+ gks; okys jktk fot; cgnqj flag djk;s jgsaA dksBh cgqeaftyh vkS HkO; gSaA ckn ek b;k dksBh ek pj[kjh LVsV dsj ,MfefuLVªsVj&vfllVSUV xouZj tujy cq¡nsy[k.M ,tsUlh Fkkelu ukSxk¡o ls vk; ds bZLoh lu 1862 ls 1866 rd vkiu vkokl cuk;s jgs vk;saA Qsj tc egkjktk vfjenZu e”kgwj ukVd jpuk dkj vkxkglz dk”ehjh dk veaf=r fdfgu rc dqN fnu b;k dksBh ek mudj fuokl jgkA dgktkr gS] rc ds e”kgwj fgUnh fQYe dsj VªstMhDohu ehukdqekjh cpiu ek vius [kkunkuh dk”ehjh th ds lkFk dqN fnu b;k dksBh e jgr le; xqtkjs jghaA

egkjktk vfjenZu flag vius ukVd izse [kkfrj e”kgwj gSaA tmus ds pyr dydRrk] vc dsj dksydrk ds dksjfFk;u fFk;sVj dEiuh ds dykdkju dk pj[kkjh ysok; ys vk;s jgsaA d”ehjh th bg; ukVd dEiuh ls lEc) jgsa gSaA egkjktk vfjenZu flag bZLoh lu 1927 ek pj[kjh ek jk;y fFk;sVj dsj fuEkkZ.k djk;s jgsaA tsek 400 tus cbB ds ukVd na[k ldr jgsaA vc ge ik¡ps bg¡; ig¡qfp x, jguA xksLokeh th fFk;sVj ds fHkrjs ysck; yb xsa tgk¡ yxh jgha cksju ds FkIihA vc b;k xksnke cuk; yhu xk gSaA iDdk cuk HkO; LVst vcgw¡ cjdjkj gS] tmus ij rc dsj VwV&QwV lkeku /kwj [kkr iM+k gSA

b;k LFky “kgj ds ckgj gSA bgk¡ ls fudfj ds dqN nwj rd dkj ,d cM+h lM+d ij nmM+hA tmus ds nwukS dbZ cM+s CkM+s rykc ns[kusaA xksLokeh th crkbu dcgw¡ budj la[;k¡ lkr jghA cM+h lM+d Nk¡fM+ ds dkj ck¡, d eqM+h] ou foHkkx ds Ik;ZVd LFky Vksyk rky dbZA lM+d ds ck¡, tejs nwj rd mitkÅ dkLr Hk¡qb ns[kkuA xksLokeh th crkbu] mUgw dsj dkLrdkjh Hkq¡b bgk¡ gSA dqN nwj pfy ds dkj ^ikfdZax fy[ks cksM+Z ds lkeus tk; ds Bk<+ Hk;A Ik;ZVu LFky ifjlj ds Hkhrj izos”k djr;] cuJh dsj “kksHkk gekj eu eksg fyfglA bgk¡ rc; ds pj[kkjh ds jktk t;flag nso ^ou ioZ okpu* lqu; ds furh b;k LFky p;u d; ds cuok;s jgsa ,d ckjknjhA mvk vrhr dsj lqf/k djr vcgw¡ Bk<+ gSA vn~Hkqr n`’; bgk¡ ds miR;dk dsjA ckjknjh r lery Hkq¡b dss Nksj ij gSA rjh gS lSdM+u QqV xfgj ou miR;dk tgkk¡ izokfgy gS ,d ty lzksrA pkjkS dbZ gSa Å¡p igkjA buls cjlkr ek ty /kkjk;sa fxjr ty lzksr ek tk; tk; lek; tkrh gSaA

Åij dbZ ckjknjh ds lkeus ls yb ds dkQh nwj rd Bk<+ gSaa dbvd iqjku >kiM+ cjk ds fcjokA iqjku cjksZgsa Lo;a vkdkj y; fygs gbZa cjxn c`{ku dsjA tsls vuk;kl fufeZr gks; xsa gSa dbvd izkd`frd l?ku esgjkcA ckjknjh ds lkeus dqN nwjh ij  Bk<+ gS deky ds okLrq dsj uewuk ukS ef<+;kA tmu u rks cgqr cM+h vk; u cgqr Å¡pA lkeus ls Hkhrj ?kqlh r ,d ds ckn ,d] rhu vyx vyx xHkZx`gu ek drkj ls LFkkfir gSa f”ko fyaxA Qsj pkgs nkfgus nqvkj ls ?kqlh] Pkkgs ck¡, ls] utkjk mg; drkj ls LFkkfir rhu f”ko fyaxA bgk¡ ls uxhpsu gS f=dwV ijor rjh jru lkxj vkS Vksyk rkykc >hysaA vrhr ek b;k {ks= jgk gS] bgk¡ ds jktu dsj vk[ksV LFkyA

 Tkus feyk fd jktk txr jk; ds ukrh] jktk [kqeku flag dsj cuokck ioZrh; pØiqjh nqxZ] 300 QqV Å¡ph igkM+h ij fLFkr gS] tgk¡ vc QkSth Nkouh dkfct gSA fdyk ij ugha tk; lduA ;sds ckjs ek tmu tku ldu mvk b;k esj ls gSA b;k fdyk dsj uhao laor  1777 ek Mkjh x; jghA tmus dsj lajpuk pØO;wg ds vuqgkj dsj gSA fdyk ek eq[; :Ik ls rhu njoktk gSaA lwik njoktk ls fdyk ek jln vkS gfFk;kj igq¡pk;s tkr jgsaA M~;kS<+h njoktk “kkgh ifjokj [kkfrj vkjf{kr jgr jgkA rhlj gS gkFkh fpa?kkM+ njoktkA fdyk ds Åij 7 rkykc [kksnku gSaA budj uke gSa&1&fcgkjh lkxj] 2&jk/kklkxj] 3&fl)ckck dk dq.M] 4&jkedq.M] 5&pkSijk] 6&egkohj dq.M] vkS 7&,d vmjkSA rjh eSnku okys rkykcu dsj ukEk gSa&fot;] ey[kku] oa”kh] t;] jru] dksBh rky vkS c[krfcgkjh dq.MA e”kgwj jgk fdyk v’B/kkrq ds fufeZr rksiu [kkfrjA mu rksiu e ls dbvd ds uke b;k esj gSa&/kjrh/kM+du] dM+dfctyh] fl)cDl] xHkZfxjkou vkS dkyhlgk; rksiA tsds ckjs ek dgk tkr jgk] fd ;sdj ekj 15 fdyks ehVj nwj rd gSA

pj[kkjh esa d`’. dsj 108 eafnj gSaA lqnkekiqjh dsj xksiky fcgkjh eafnj] jk;uiqj dsj xqeku fcgkjh]eaxyx<+ ds eafnj] c[kr fcgkjh] ck¡ds fcgkjh eafnj ds vykok ek.O; _f’k ds xqQk izfl) gSaA

egkjktk ey[kku flsg bZLoh lu 1883 ls xkso/kZu esyk vk;ksftr djkbuA esyk  fnokyh ds nqljs fnuk vUUkdwV iwtk ls “kq: gks; ds ,d eghuk rd Hkjr gSA iapeh ds fnu lyxs 108 eafnju ls nsmru ds foxzg xkso/kZu esyk LFky ek ys vkbZ tkrh gSa vkS lIreh ds fnuk bUnz dsjA ,d eghuk bgk¡ cgqr pgy&igy vkS jkSud jgfr gSA e”kgwj gS dmum dfo dsj b;k dfork&

dkfrZd ekl /kje dk eghuk] esyk ykxr mr; HkkjhA tgk¡ HkhM+ HkbZ Hkkjh] c`Unkcu HkbZ pj[kkjhAA

fgt gkbusl pj[kkjh dk rRdkyhu fczfV”k bEik;j 11 rksiu dsj lykeh eatwj d;s jghA

gejs uUgs th ek ,d foy{k.k {kerk jgh] dksgw ls fefyr; f?klk&ferh d; yscA cfgu ds vHkko gks; xk jgk r pj[kjh vk; ds Jherh xksLokeh dk cuk; ds mg; lEcks/ku ^cfgu* dj; ykxs jgsaA xksLokeh th dsj lefiZr Hkkouk] lg;ksx vkS esgekunkjh  vfHkHkwr d; fnfgl geghA muls ge ;sruk tqjs g;u fd mudk /kU;ckn nsc vius dk /kU;okn nsc ekfur gSA ;sls Hkyk bugh rgs fny ls ?kU;okn ns; ls dkgs pwdhA ciq: xksM+s ds ihjk ls csgky gksr dhu Mªkbo djr lc tkxk cxkbu&?kqekbu vkS vk[khj ek egksck vk; ds lruk oyh cl e p<+k;s ds ckn ne fyfgu] gejs b;k ;k=k dk ;knxkj ;k=k cuk; fnfguA