23&vejdaVd tk=k
“kgMksy izokl dsj gedk nqb csjdh ekSdk feykA ifgy
csjdh lu 1952 ek ,d cfj’k jgsu] nqljs csjdh lu 1980 ls 1985 rd 5 cfj’kA ifgys
ckys izokl e ,d; csj tk; ldu vejdaVd ij mgk¡ djhc ,d i[kokjk jg; dsj ekSdk feyk
jgk LdkmfVax dSEi ekA nqckjk ds izokl e u tkuh dsrus csjdh x;su dkgs ls fd rc
mvk gejs dk;Z {ks= e vkor jgkA
pyh ifgys “kgMksy dsj Fkks: bfrgkl&Hkwxksy
tkuyhu tk; rc ckfr vkxs c<+kbZ tk;A fj;klrh tekuk dsj nf{k.kh cuizk¡rj {ks=
“kgMksy HkkSxksfyd uke ik;s jgk igkj&MgkjA tkus feyr gS fd lksjgoha lnh e
b;k {ks= ds e?;LFky fLFkfr dnheh
ck¡/kkSx<+ e] xgksjk NksfM+ ds vk;s c?ksy jktk jkepUnz nso ¼1563 bZ0½
vkiu jgkbl cukbuA bg; jkt/kkuh Hkk vkS jkT; dsj uke pyk ck¡/kksjktA tmus ds
ckjs e bfrgkl xokgh nsr gS fd b;k ek+= 34 cfj’k cjdjkj jfg ikckA x<+ igkjh
ij gSA orZeku dky ek rjh dsj cu izk¡rj ek LFkkfir gS ^Vkbxj izkstsDV fjtoZ
QkjsLVA*
mUuhloha lnh ds e/; dky rd lgMksy uke dsj
yqdh&fNih ,d CkLrh jgh] rc ljuke jgk lksgkxiqjA dVuh ls fcykliqj d caxky ukxiqj jsy ykbu
fudjh] lgMksy e LVs”ku LFkkfir Hkk rc tqxtqxk; Pkyk lgMksuA ewy cLrh jsy ykbu
ds ifPNe gS iwjch Hkkx e clkgV tksj idfM+lA rckS p¡fn;k ;sls cM+k jgkA mefj;k e
dksbyk [knku pkyw HkbZa r mefj;k ck<+S ykxA gksr djr lgMksy vblu izxfr iFk
idfM+l fd lc dk iNkM+ fnfglA orZeku dky ek “kgMksy dgk tk; okyk] jktLo laHkkx
dsj loZ lqfo/kk lEiUu eq[;ky; gSA
lu 1808 ek ukxiqj ds jktk jk?kksck th Hkksalys
b;k iwjs {ks= dk gM+fi ds vius jkT; e feyk; fygs jgsaA Qsj tc bZLV bf.M;k dEiuh
ukxiqj d gM+fil r b;k Hkkx vks[ks dCts esa pyk xkA jktuhfrd mBk&iVd pkyw
jgh lu 1857 ek bZLV bf.M;k dEiuh ds fo#} ns”k Lora=rk laxzke yfM+lA jhek¡ ds
jktk j/kqjkt flag vks[kj enn fdfguA ns”k f”kdLr [kk; xkA dEiuh cfu x; ^fczfV”k xouZ esUV vkQ bf.M;k*A vglku
ean gks; ds ^xouZesUV* lu 1860 ek b;k
iwjk HkwHkkx cgksj fnfgl jhek¡ jkT; dkA
lu 1952 e tc ge “kgMksy e jgsu] rc lksgkxiqj
cLrh ;sls vyfgnk jghA iS tqj; dssj iz;kl tkjh jgkA lu 1980 e tc vk;u r nwukS
cLrh twfj xbZ jghaA gedk tmu edku jg; d feyk mvk feyk mgk¡] tmu jgk lksgkxiqj
dsj {ks=A jhok ls vk; ds lM+d vksfgu Bk¡; lksgkxiqj okyh lM+d e fefy ds ?kqlr
gS “kgMksy ekA dksuek ij Bk<+ b;k edku jgk tcjA rjh ykxr jgk eNyh foHkkx dsj
nQ~rj vkS Åij ds Hkkx e jgh gS gekj jgkblA rjh tcj ifjlj ek rc; jgh gS LFkkfir
vkjk feyA lM+d ikj rglhy nkj lksgkxiqj vkS ,l Mh ,Ek fuokl fxjk; ds Mkjh tk;
ykx jgh ^“kgMksy dYksDVªsV dEiksftV fcfYMax* dsj eqfu;knA
gejs
mvk fuokl ds mRrj] djhc vk/kk fdyks ehVj nwj gS ewy lksgkxiqj cLrh] tgk¡
Bk<+ gS iqjku x<+h] tmu jgh bykdsnkj lkgc lksgkxiqj dsj fuoklA lu 52 e tc
ge “kgMksy e jgsu rc] lksgkxiqj ds vkf[kjh bykdsnkj] HkS;k cgknqj] jktsUnz
cgknqj flag ¼ykyth lkgc½ vius lxs lacf/ku ds lkFk jgck djr jgsa] b;k tcj
x<+h ekA lc dsj fuokl vyx vyx jgsaA tc lu 1980 e “kgMksy vk;u r ik;u fd
ykyth lkgc vius tsB csVk dq¡vj e`xsUnz flag ds ifjokj ds lkFk tk; ds jg; ykxs
gSa Lo;a ds fuEkkZ.k djk;s v/kwjs jktkckx ckyh dksBh ekA bu[kj fifrvkmr HkkbZ
yky Hkxorh izrki flag x<+h Nk¡fM+ ds tk; ds jg; ykxs jgsa vius iokbZ okys
xk¡o NrobZ ek]Anwlj HkkbZ yky pØ/kj flag mQZ [ksykM+h flag vius iokbZ ds xk¡o
ujckj ekA budj lcls ygqj csVh lkS0 izHkk fcvkgh xbZa gejs tsB csVk fp0 johUnz
dkA
x<+h dsj mRrjh Hkkx mBk; nhu xk jgk
HkkM+k ekA ykx; ykxs jgsa ljdkjh nQ~rjA nf{k.kh Hkkx ek gky; ek ykyth lkgc dsj
ygqj csVk dq¡vj xaHkhj flag vuwiiqj Nk¡fM+ ds ;sgh e vk; ds jg; ykxs jgsaA ,d
fnuk gedk ysck; yb xsa vkS ns[kkbu x<+h ds ckgj&Hkhrj rEkkeA fHkrjs ds
freaftyh cmyh ns[kkbuA v¡xus ls yxh gS cmyh ds Åij cuh frunqvkjh nkj lqUnj
ckjknjhA bgk¡ ls cmyh e tk; [kkfrj mRrj eqgsa d njcktk gS iS ik¡p&N dne pfy ds eqfM+ tk; d ijr gS
ifPNe dkA Qsj lkeus nhckj vk; tkfr gS tmus ek Nkrh Hkj ds m¡pkbZ e cuk gS ,d
NksV d vjckA bg¡; ls nfD[ku eqgsa mrjrh gSa flf<+;k] tmu ig¡qpk; nsrh gS
cmyh ds lrg rdA
dq¡vj lkgc vjck ns[kkcr crkbu fd ^^b;k
x<+h jgh gS ukxk cSjkxh ckcu dsjA tc gekj iqfj[kk bgk¡ vk;sa rc b;k x<+h
e jgck djr jgk vdsys ,d ukxk ckckA mvk Xk<+h ds ckgj dckS u fudjS] u dksgw
ls esy&eqykdkr dj; vkS u dksgw d Xk<+h ds fHkrjs vkc; ns;] flck; ,d
vfgfju dsA vfgfju jkst nw/k y; ds vkcS] mvk vjck e /kjk Hk¡M+ck mBkoS] tmus ds
rjh /kjh jgS ,d dynkjA vksdk y; ds vius HkM+ck dsj nw/k] vjck ij /kjs Hk¡M+ck e
mfyn ds fudfj vkc; cbcsA vksdj ckck ls cksy&pky dks dg; ns[kk&ns[kh rd
ugha jghA ckck ,d fu;r fnu dk ekVh ls vkiu tVk&twV ehatk djr jgkA gekj
iqfj[kk vfgfju ls lk¡B&xk¡B db ds vks[ks ihNw&ihNw ?kqfl xsa x<+h e
vkS mrfj xsa cmyh ek tgk¡ ukxk ckck rjh d ewM+ d;s /kkscr jgk ckjA ryokj ls
vksdj ewM+ dye db ds dkfct gks; xsa b;k tcj x<+h ekA*
lksgkxiqj cLrh ds ckfgj] iw#c dbZ]
x<+h ls djhc ,d fdyks ehVj nwj] ihlk ds ehukj ds ukbZa >qdk+ iw#c db
nqvkj okyk Bk<+ gS fojkV eafnj] lkeus dqN nwjh ek gS Lo;aHkw tylzksr ckuxaxk]
tmus ij cuk; nhu xk gS pmIkM+kA fdacnafru vk/kkfjr lksgkxiqj dsj {ks= ekuk tkr
gS egkHkkjr dky dsj fojkV uxjhA ik.Mo bg¡; vk; ds vkiu vKkrokl dky dssj vkf[kjh
cfj’k] jktk fojkV dsj xks: pjkor fcrkbuA fcuk fopkj fdgs bgkS dgk tkr gS fd
xks#vu dsj la[;k ;sruh jgh fd ik.Mo jkst ,d ryb;k [kksn;¡ tmus dsj ikuh xks: ih
Mkj;¡A rc vtqZu Hkq¡b;k¡ e cku ekfj dss ty lzksr cukbu tmu dgkofr gS ckuxaxkA
,sfrgkfld rF; gS fd f=iqjh ds dYpqfj jktk
;qojkt nso izFke ¼”kklu dky 915 ls 945 bZLoh½ b;k f”ko eafnj dsj fuekZ.k dj;s
jgsaA ;sds cu; ek 13 cfj’k tk;k Hks jgsaA eafnj 125 QqV Å¡p 75 QqV yEcs vkS 55
QqV pkSM+s txrh ¼IysVQkeZ½ ij cslj “kSyh ek fufeZr gSA Hk¡qb ls pkj lksiu
p<; r txrh ij igq¡p;A Qsj iqfu ds pkj lksiu p<+; rc igq¡p; eafnj ds Msgjh
ijA izHkk eaMi jgk gS 12 [kEHku dsj tmus dk fxjk; nhu xk gSA xHkZx`g e ifgys
f”kofyax jgk gS xfgjs ek pkjkS dbZ iVck; fngs ls gks; xk gS leryA
vc pyh pyk tk; “kgMksy lEHkkx ds vfUre
nf{k.kh Nksj ij fLFkfr] izfl} /kkfeZd LFky vejdaVdA LdU/k iqjk.k ek fy[kk feFkd
gS fd vejdaVd {ks= fLk) LFky gS] ;s[kk Lej.k dj; okys dk pUnzk;.k czr dj; dsj
iqfUUk izkIr gksfr gSA mg¡; eRL; iqjk.k c[kkur gS fd bgk¡ lc; nsmrk vkS rhFkZ
fuokl djr gSa ;sgh ls ;sdk vejdaVd dgr gSaA lksgkxiqj ds fojkV eafnj fuekZ.k ds
djhc ,d lnh ckn] vejdaVd ek dypqfj jktk dju nso ¼”kklu dky 1022&1042 bZLoh½
,d; yxs rhu f”ko eafnju dsj fuekZ.k djkbuA vejdaVd leqnzry ls 3568 QqV ds
m¡pkbZ ek esdy igkj ij fLFkr gSA /kfeZd feFkdh; xzaFku ek b;k izkd`frd lajpuk]
vejdaV ds egkfre dsj [kwc xkFkk xk;h x; gSA bgkS fd b;k LFky vkS bgk¡ ls mn~xfer
gks; okyh unh uEkZnk dY;k.kdkjh gSaA tc fd lksu vkS tqfgyk ufn;u dsj mn~xe LFky
bgS vtjdaVd vk;A vius lekt ds ,d tcj rcdk bZa ckru d ekU;rk nsr vkiu dY;k.k
gks; dsj eucgqjh pkor esj esj dsj deZdk.M djr vius dk /kfUUk ekur gSaA
/kkfEkZd xzUFk e of.kZr ,d feFkd dsj
uewuk is”k gSA ,d cssjdh f”koth rk.Mo fdfgu vkS cfg pyk ilhukA mvk tk; ds ,d
dq.M ek tek HkkA vksls izxV Hk; ,d ckfydk] tsdk yksd dY;k.k [kkfrj f”koth cuk; fnfgu
unh ueZnk] tmu dqekjh g;A esdy igkj ls
mn~xfer gks; ds dkj.k ueZnk dk esdylqrk ?kyk; dgk tkr gSA vUr; bgkS fy[kk gS fd
vejdaVd lk{kkr f”ko vk;A /kkfeZd vk[;ku ueZnk d dcgw¡ esdy lqrk r dcgw¡ f”ko
iq=h dgr ugha Fkd;¡A ikSjkf.kd v[;kf;du ek ueZnk unh dsj egkfre xaxk ds rqY;
gSA c#d bgkS fy[kk gS fd xaxk ek Luku djs ls iki dVr gSa] tcfd ueZnk dsj n”kZu
fdgs ek= lsA dmum iqjk.k ek ueZnk dsj ,d uke jsok ?kyk; fy[kk gSA ets dsj ckr
b;k fd ueZnk unh dk dqekfjdk ekuk tkr gS iS dgk tkr gS ueZnk eb;kA Hkyk ds[kj etky
gS fd bZa vrkfdZd fQtwy ckru d dkV;A ciqjh lksu vkS tqfgyk unh dmu dwdqj
df<+yk;s jgha fd bu[kk b;k esj dsj ekU;rk ugha feyhA
vejdaVd nqyZHk tM+h&cwfVu dsj vkxkj gSA
bgk¡ mxrh g¡; xqycdkcyh vkS czkEghA ueZnk ekbZ ds eafnj ds vykok bgk¡ vmjkS vmj
nsmru ds dbvd eafnj gSaA gkyS ek fufeZr Hkk gS tSu eafnj] tsek fo”kky cq)
izfrek LFkkfir dhu xS gSA cgqr lftxk gS vejdaVd] lftjgk gS vkS lTkr t;hA LFkfir
gS bgk¡ ^Vmu f”ki*A izd`frd lqlek fnukS fnu cjckn gksr pyh tk; jgh
gSA dky vuq:Ik cnfy jgk gS /kkfEkZd LFky vejdavad Ik;ZVu LFky ds :Ik ek k
jktra=h tekuk ek ;sdk ifo= LFky cuk;s jg; [kkfrj bgk¡ [ksrh djc
ek¡l&eNjh&en ds miHkksx djc dkuwuu cfTkZr jgk gSA
vejdaVd dsj eq[; LFky gS ueZnk dq.M A ;s[kj fuekZ.k djk;s jgha bUnkSj egkjkuh
vfgY;k ckbZ xk;dokM+A ;sls dqN nwjh ij gSa] ueZnk unh mn~xe LFky] ekbZ dsj
cfx;k] lksu unh mn~xe LFky lksu ewM+k vkS tqfgyk unh mn~xe LFky Hk`xq de.MyA ueZnk
vkxs cf<+ ds cuk;s gS izikr] dfiy/kkjk tgk¡ gS dfiy eqfu dsj vkJeA nwlj
izikr dgkor gS nw/k/kkjk] okLro e tmu vk; f}/kkjkA bgk¡ ls dqN nwjh ij fLFkr gS
laHkkxh; lhek ij dchj pmjk LFkyA bZa lc gSa uSlfxZx lq’kek lesVs fofHkUu er ds
vkLFkkokuu dsj a /kkfeZd LFkyA lM+d ds vejs tejs jksis x;s ikbu&ou eu eksgd
gSaA ;sds vykck LFkkfir gSa dbvd /kkfeZd vkJeA iqjku LFkkfir vkJeu dsj oSHko
nfc xk gS u;s LFkfir vkJeu ds vkxsA vf/kd pjpk e gS ckck dY;k.k nkl vkS cQkZuh
ckck vkJeA dypqfj dkyhu eafnj tjtj gSa tc fd okLrq dyk dsj gSa uewukA buds dbZ
u r /kkfEkZd tuu dsj /;ku tk; u Ik;ZVdu dsjA usrk ts ljdkj cukor gSa Hkyk Å¡ dkgs
/;ku ns;] mudk buls dk cksV feyh\ gk¡ dsUnzh; ekuo lalk/ku ea=h] dq¡oj vtqZu
flag vius ft;r th] vejdaVd dk ,d csgrjhu rksgQk nb xs gSa dsUnzh; fo”ofp|ky;A \
pyh
NwVh ckr dsj Nksj idM+hA lksu unh nsoykSan e igkM+ dkfV ds vkxs c<+hA turk
ikVhZ “kkLku dky ds iz/kku ea=h eksjkj th nslkbZ 14 ebZ lu 1978 dk dVs igkju d
tksfj ds lksu unh ds cgko d ckf/kr dj; furhs dY;k.kdkjh cgqmn~ns”kh; ck.klkxj
ifj;kstuk dsj f”kykU;kl fdfguA jktuSfrd mBk iVd ds dkj.k fuekZ.k dk;Z cgqr /khe
xfr ls pykA cksV yksHk [kkfrj Hkkjrh; turk ikVhZ rRDkyhu iz/kku ea=h vVyfcgkjh
cktis;h ls 25 flraxj 2006 dk v/kwjh ifj;kstuk dk yksdkfiZr djk; fnfglA
nsoykSan
ds b;k LFky ek 1020 ehVj yEck vkS 67 ehVj Å¡p ck¡/k ck¡/kk xk gSA iDds ck¡/k ds
nwukS Nksju ij 288 ehVj yEckbZ dsj jkdfQy MSe gSa] tmu lksu unh }kjk dkVh igkfju
dk tksjr gSaA ck¡/k ek 4 +4 fefy;u ,dM+ QqV ikuh jgc laHkkfor gSA ;sls 323 ehVj
rd dsj tyLrj dsj mi;ksx dhu tk; ldr gSA tyk”k; dsj {ks=Qy 584 oxZ ehVj e Qby
gSA 80 Qhlnh Hkkx lh/kh vkS “kgMksy ds taxyu ls yxk gSA b;k tyk”k; ls 1 yk[k 54
gtkj gsDVj e flapkbZ gksc izLRkkfor gSA tmu 2%1%1 izfr”kr Øe”k% e?; izns”k]
mRrj izns”k vkS fcgkj jkT; ds ghalk e c¡Vk gSA ;sls e0 iz0 ek 51789 gsDVj
okf’kZd flapkbZ 249046 gsDVj izLrkfor gSA
ifj;kstuk
dsj uke ck¡.k HkV~V ds uke ij /kjkck xk gS ^cgqmn~ns”kh; ck.k lkxj ifj;kstukA^
tmus ls flapkbZ ds vykck 425 esxkokV fon~;qr mRiknu ds lkFk ikyh tbgha eNjh
?kyk;A b;k tyk”k; ek “kgMksy laHkkx vkS lruk ftyk dsj 258 xk¡o cwfM+ xs vkS
djhc ,d yk[k tu izHkkfor HksaA nsoykSan ls fljekSj rd vk/kk ntZu fon~;qr mRiknu
dsUnz gSaA
ck¡.k+lkxj
ck¡/k c¡/kk gS “kgMksy laHkkx e tmu mgk¡ ls 112 fdyks ehVj nwj mRrj gS vkS gS
jhok laHkkx eq[;ky; ds nfD[ku 65 fdyks ehVj nwjA bZa nwukS eq[;ky; d tksjr
vejdaVd rd gky; e cf<+;k Mkej jksM cfu x; gSA
tc ckr mfB x; gS r pyh buds ckjs e dqN vmjkS
tku yhu tk;A jsok ¼uEkZnk½ NqyNqfy;k vl] djhc 65 fdyks ehVj ifPNe d cgr la;qDr
jhok&“kgMksy laHkkx dsj lhEkk cukor gSA Qsj tk; igq¡pfr gS tcyiqj laHkkx e vkS
c<+r Pkyh tkr gS e/; izns”k d ukdr xqtjkr ds [kEHkkr [kkM+h dkA b;k iwjs
{ks+= ek jsok dsj :Ik&l:Ik gks; tkr gS unh dsjA iS u tkuh dkgs jhok vkS “kgMksy okys vius
{ks= dk jsok¡py dfg ds xkSjo ekur gSaA lksu unh lksuewM+k ls NqyNqfy;k vl cgr
nfD[ku dbZ c<+r >fEe ls dwfn ijr gS lk<+s rhu gtkj QqV xfgjs NRrhl
x<+ {ks= ekA Qsj mRrj dbZ #[k db ds ?kqjokflu ds usjs ls ?kqfl vkcr gS
“kgMksy {ks= ekA fn;kihij rd ifPNe dk #[k fdgs lqfjZvk; ysfr gS mRrj dkA
tksfgyk mRrj&ufPNe dbZ cgr] fcjflagiqj ls mRrjk;u gks; ds vkxs c<+r]
ck¡/kox<+ ds iw#c lksu e lek; tkfr g;A lksu vkxs Ck<+r iM+[kqjh rd
mRrj&ifPNe d cgr c<+r pyh tkr gS fd ifPNe ls vk; ds egkunh ?kyk; lek;
tkfr gS lksu ek] tmu lc dk lesVs bg¡; ls #[k db ysfr gS iw#c dbZ dkA nsoykSan
ek lksu ds vkxw vk; ds Bk<+ gks; tkr gS igkjA lksu vks[kk dkfV ds cf<+
tkr gS vkxs lh/kh {ks= dbZA 820 fdyks ehVj yEch lksu unh jhok vkS “kgMksy ds
la;qDr {ks= ek 508 fdyksehVj cgr cf<+ tkfr gS xaxk e fey; [kkfrj fcgkj dbZA
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