14& c?ksyh {ks= rs rcknyk % NRrhlx<+h {ks=& tk=k
lu
1965 ds tuojh ek tk; ds l?ku d`f’k ftyk dk;ZØze dk;Zky; jk;iqj] tmu dgkcr jgk
bUVsflo ,xzhdYpj fMfLVªDV izksxzke ¼vkbZ , Mh ih½ ek gkftjh fngsuA iksfLVax HkS
/kerjh Cykd ekA vcS rd Cykd cjdjkj jgsaA l?ku d`f’k ftyk dk;ZØe ek ofjLV d`f’k
fodkl vf/kdkfju dk xk¡ou ek ^iksLV* dhu tkr jgkA Cykd ds eSnkuh bykdk dsj lxys
dsUnz ifgysu rss Hkjs jgsaA [kkyh jgk egkunh ds ikj cuiz¡krj ek ,d dsUnz cVjsyA
unh ij iqy ugha jghA mg¡k dsj ^iksfLVax* vknsl ik; ds ns[k; x;u vkiu dsUnzA vc
rks lk;dy dsj lokjh jghA thi [k.M dk;kZy; /kerjh ek jgck djr jghA bgk¡¡ gejs
vksgnk ckys 6 tus vyx vyx ØsUnu ek inLFk jgsaA
xqBqvk
cwM+r ikuh ek lk;dy df<+ykcr unh ikj fdgsuA vksa ikj igq¡psu tgk¡ l?ku Å¡p
Å¡p egqvu ds isaM+s rjh djhc pkj QqV Å¡p ,d yegj pmjk jgk vksa ij fcjkth jgh]a
dbvd nsfcu dsj ewjrhA eq[; jgh vaxkj eksfreA dqN nwjh ij idh ekVh dsj ?kksM+
vkS lckj fcjkts jgsaA yky yky >.fMu
dsj Hkjekj jghA gejs lkFk cVjsy lfdZy dsj xzkelsod feJkth jgsaA bZa vkehZ rss fjVk;j gks;s ds ckn xzke lsod cfu
xs jgsaA nsch dsj egkfre crkbu vkS crkbu fd bgk¡ cM+k tcj esyk Hkjkr gSA
vkxs
c<+u vkS igq¡fp x;u cVjsyA pkfjm dbZ cuJh ds lksHkk eu eksg fyfglA xk¡o cM+k
jgk vkS jgk lEiUuA dbvd ejkBk tehankju dsj jgsa gk¡ nq?kjkA iksLV vkfQl ds
lqfo/kk ds lkFk jgk gS twfu;j Ldwy vkS v;qosZfnd vkSl/kky;A gk¡ ctkj gkV ugha
jghA bgk¡ inLFk MkDVj lkgw lTtu vkS feyulkj jgsaA gerss fey; vk;saA dbvd fdlku
?kyk; feysaA gedk [kqlh HkSA feJkth] ,d fdlku dsj nq?kjk] tmu gejs bgk¡¡ vgjh
dgkcr gS [kkyh jgk] vksdk gejs jgkbl [kkfrj r; db fyfguA vksek jgk ,d yEck
dksBck vkS vksds lkeus jgh gS ,d vkslkjhA dsejk njcktk ugha jgsaA cgj gky
lk¡f> gksr cgqfj x;u ?kerjhA NqV~Vh yb ds x;u dksrek tgk¡ vkiu ifjckj Nk¡fM+
x;s jguA
cVjsy
dsj ckr iRuh fo|korh th rss crk;uA lcky mBk fd ifjckj dgk¡ jgh\ dkgs rss fd
izekslu rks feyk] i; vku lc lqfc/kk fNu xbZaA u DokVZj] u vjnyh u nmjk djS
[kkfrj thi dsj lqfo/kk jgh] u jgk dLkck;h jgu lgu dsj lqiklA fcydqy fujkyk
xzkeh.k thouA xk¡o jgk cMk t:j iS vkl ikl jgk taxyh bykdkA cksyh ckuh jgu lgu
vkuA fo|k lc dqN tkfuu lef>u vkS dfgu ^^ge lc tu lkFkS jgcA** yfM+du dsj mfej jgh fpa0 johUnz flag
¼jkfcu½ 6 cfj’k] fpa0 iz”kkUr flag (¼iIiw½ 4 cfj’k] fpa0 js[kk flag ¼eqUuh½ 2
cfj’k vkS fpa0 lq/khj flag ¼xqM~Mw½ 5 ekgA cgqr cgl ckth HkS vkf[kj fu#Rrj db
fnfgu iRuh b;k dfg ds fd ^^viuk vdsys mgk¡ dblu ds jgc\ vius gk¡Fks pk; rd rks
cuk; ugh ldhA** ge izHkfor H;u muds b;k ckr ij fd ^jke cuokl dky ek] lhrk egyu
ds lq[k lqfo/kk fr;kfx ds] dblu ds jgha ?ku?kksj cu ek\ vku eqykfte tblu mgk¡
jgr gksbgha] gegw¡ ik¡ps jfg yscA tgk¡ jgS dsj lqikl gks; mgk¡ rks ge viuk ds
lkFk jgh vkS tgk¡ lqikl u gks; mgk¡ ge lkFk NksfM+ nsbZ] b;k ugha gks; ldSA ge
viuk ds lkFk pfy ds m¡gk jgcA tmu nq%[k lq[k cnk gksbZ vksdj lkeuk djcA vkxs
rks vcS tcj ftUnxh ft;S dk gSA lc fnu ,d leku dgk¡ gksr gk¡a\ thcu ek dsrus eksM+
vkcr gk]¡ dsrus mrkj p<+ko ikj djS d iM+r gk¡\A vf/kd fnuk ;sÅ¡ fnu u
jfgghaA*
thou
ek vkcS ckyh dfBukbu dk utj vUnkt fdgs ge cVjsy vkS vklikl ds uSlfxZd lksHkk
rss vdjflr] mgk¡ jgS dsj eu cuk; fygs jgsuA fujk xzkeh.k thou ft;S dsj yyd eu
ek mBh jghA fc|kth ds /khj] xaHkhj vkS lkgfld ckru rss eu izlUu gks; xkA Msjk
lkeku c¡/kk lcS yksxu ds enn jgh] bgk¡ rd fd gejs lkeku ykn; [kkfrj dqN vf/kd
nsj rd Vªsu bLkVslu ij Bk<+ jghA gejs lkFk dksrek Cykd ds gekj lgk;d DydZ
;kno gegh cVjsy rd igq¡pkcS lkFk pysaA vc ge QLVZ Dykl dsj ^bUVkbfVYM* gks; x;s
jguA gejs ifjckj dsj lnL; vcS gkyS ek ,d ,ylsfl;u fiYyh ?kyk; gks; xS jghA ,d
csjdh vuwiiqj] nqljb;k fcykliqj ek Vªsu cnfy ds jk;iqj igq¡psuA tn~nfi m¡gk¡ rs
/kerjh dk NksVh ykbu dsj NqdNqfd;k Vªsu jgh] iS mvk lqfo/kk tud ugha jghA
jk;iqj rss /kerjh [kkfrj v//kk clkS pyck djr jghaA vksgh ij pf<+ ds /kerjh
igq¡psuA Cykd MsOgyiesUV vkfQlj pkS/kjh lkgc ds d`ik rs thi vkS Vªkyh fefy x;]
tmu lkeku vkS ifjpkj lfgr] gegha cVjsy ig¡qpk; fnfglA
dfBu
jgk thou] iS mjko ek b;k lkspr fd tbls jk[kSa jke rbl; jfg;s] lkr&vkB fnuk
rks chfr xsa] Qsj v[kj; ykxA ljlh dsj ikuh fi;r lcS dsj rfc;r [kjkc gks; ykxA
ekus b;k jgsu fd vius dbZ ds ckrkcju rss bgk¡ dsj ckrkcju vku gks; ds dkju b;k
lc gksr ykx gSA dksrek dl tkM+ bgk¡ ugha jgk] tc fd tucjh dsj vUr gks; ykx rSA
bgk¡ nw/k u fey; dsj tcj leL;k jghA cjru Hkk¡M+k ektS [kkfrj feJkth #fi;k 15 ds
eghuk ek ,d jmrkbu ysck; ys vk;saA vius bgk¡ dbr rs rhxqu Hkko ekA gekj jgu lgu
nsf[k ds xk¡o ckys gegha ekynkj vlkeh eku ds gj rjg ds lmnk ek nwu&rhxqu
olwyS dsj ijiap epk; fngs jgsaA feJkth ugha pkgr jgsa fd mudj vf/kdkjh mgk¡
fVdSA 5&6 fnu chrsa jmrkbu ru[kkg ekfxlA #fi;k 5 nb fnguA vksds ckn vkmc
cUn db fnfglA tkus feyk fd ckcw] ¼ekus ge½ vksrss ugha xksfBvk; ;srs dke Nk¡fM+
fnfgl gSA ¼xfksBvkc ekus ckrA½
,d
fnuk nqvkjs ek nslh lqvjh vk; xbZaA irk ykx fd Å¡ edku ekfyd dsj vkghaA edku
ekfyd crk;s xs jgsa BkdqjA f?kuk; x euA MkDVj lkgw fHkrjS Hkhrj gejs lqfo/kk
dsj [;ky djr vius rss iz;kl jr jgsa] gejs mfpr cscLFkk [kkfrjA cVjsy rss yxk
xk¡o jgk dqlehA mgk¡ ,d jg; ykbd edku fefy xkA
/kerjh
vk; ds tc cVjsy vk;s jgu rcS izkstsDV vkfQlj cnfy xsa jgsaA “kkL=h th ds tkxk
ek vk; xs jgsa fot;cgknqj flagA bZa jgs gk¡ gejs bgk¡ ds c<+kSj dsj] tmu
dgkcS ykx jgk] buds cCck phQ tfLVl] “kadj flag ds uke rs “kadjx<A tc ge jgck
djr jgsu fe=efUnj ek rc rss tku ifgpku jgh fot;cgknqj flag rsA dkgs rss fd yxsu
budj cCck cslkfg fygs jgsa ,d dksBh uqek edkuA tgk¡ jgr bZa gers dbvd njtk Åij
i<+r jgsaA vkS jgs gk¡a ekrZ.M Ldwy dsj fc|kjFkh] tsdj gsM ekLVj jgsaa gekj
nmvk lkgcA flag lkgc foU/; izsnsl dky ek ^,xzhdYpj bUlVhP;wV* ek ysDpjj cfu ds
vk;s jgsa vkS gedk ik¡pu dk i<+kck djr jgsa ^gkVhZdYpj*A Cykd rc ugha VwVs
jgsa] tc izkstsDV vkfQlj fot;cgknqj flag /kerjh Cykd ds nmjk ek vk;s jgsaA Mkd
c¡xyk murs fey; x;u ckrS ckr usmr fngsu cVjsy ^foftV* dkA eUlk jgh fd budk vkiu
eq[;ky; ns[kk; ds vius dLVe; thou rss voxr djk; nscA gks; ldr gS fd lc nsf[k
lqfu ds gekj rcknyk dmukS vPNh tkxk dfj nsa;¡A /kerjh ek dbvd Cykdu dsj ehfVax
jghA ehfVax [kre gks; x;s ds ckn ge murs fey; x;s jguA mgk¡ dbvd ch0Mh0vks0
yYyks pIiks djS dk cbB jgsaA nqljs fnu QhYM foftV r; gks; xS cVjsy dsjA /kk;
ijha ,d ds ikNw ,d thiA egkunh ikj djr Q¡fl xS ck: ek izkstsDV vkQhlj dsj thiA
efp xS vQjk rQjhA Mªkbcj fudkjS dsj dksfll fdfgl fd vmj /k¡fl xSA lc vIljS vIlj
rks jgasA dksÅ ugha fgjdk thi ds yxs] fd /kDdk yxk; nsrsa rks b;k ukScr u vkcrA
fot;cgknqj flag jgsa C;ksgkfjd ¼izSfDVdy½ muek lkSdhuh vIljh ugha jghA ifgys
nwj [kMs+ ns[kr jgsa] Qsj mrkfj fnfgu dksV vkS iSUV /kqfl xsa unh ek] thi dbZ
ihB db ds ihNs nwukS gk¡Fk yb tk; ds ckuV ij yxk; ds mvk ghalk mBkcS ykxsa tmus
dbZ ds ifg;k /k¡lh jghA b;k nsf[k ds pmvku ch0Mh0vks0 yksx /kyk; /kk; ijsa vkS
thi fudfj vkbZA csjk <jd pyh rSA cVjsy u tk; ds iwjk ny cgqfj xk /kerjhA
egkunh
ij cVjsy ck¡/k cuc lq# gks; xk jgkA cVjsy lfgr dbvd xk¡o Mwc {ks= ek vk; xs
jgsaA ck¡/k cfu x;s ij vksdj uke e?; iznsl ds ifgy eq[; ea=h i0 jfo”kadj “kqDy
ds uke rs gks; xk ^jfo”kdaj MSe*A mgk¡ ds cgqrsjs fdlku vkiu cscLFkk lgju ek
cuk; fygs jgsaA tmu edku gedk jgS dk feyk mvk jgk dmukS ejgBk tehankj dsj ckMk]
tmus ds Hkhrj ckyk Hkkx cVjsy xk¡o ds ,d lkgw fdlku cslk+fg fygs jgkA ejgBk jko
lkgc cksys tkr jga]s tblu gejs bgk¡ ds Bkdqj yky lkgc vkS dqv¡j lkgcA lgj ek
jgr dbvd jkclkgc vius edku ds lkeus yxh ^useIysV* ij vius uke ds rjh *,Dl yS.M ykMZ* fy[kk;s jgsaA
tc fd tehankjh mUewyu Hk;s lkyu chfr xs jgsaA
ckM+k ds lkeus ckys Hkkx ek rkjk yxk jgr jgkA
jkc lkgc dsj [ksrh ckjh js?kk ekus gejs bgk¡ ds vf/k;k&frgjk ds ubZa mBh
jgr jghA tc dcgw¡ ekSt eLrh eukeS ifjckj vk; tkr jgkA gejs jgr ,d csjdh ^,Dl
yS.M ykMZ*Z dsj csVk vk;s jgsaA dqdjk&irky vius gk¡Fks cukbu rSA
¼NRrhlx<+ ek dqdjk dgr gk¡ eqjxk dk vkS irky VekVj dk½A gedk usmrs jgsaA jko
lkgc yksx gejs bgk¡ ds yky vkS dq¡vj lkgcu vl eniku dsj lkS[kh jgsaA xuher jgh
tsds lkFk ge Hkkstu fdgsu m¡ ;k rks vksdj lkSdhu ugha jgsa ;k fd gejs dkju]
gejsu ds ukbZa cus jgsaA nqckjk Qsj dcgw¡ murs eqykdkr ugha HkS] u muds vkxzg
ij muds lgj okys fuokl e tk; ldsuA
dqleh
xk¡o cVjsy rss yxk nqb igfju ds Bhd uhps clk jgkA igjh cgqr Å¡p rks ugha jgha iS
mudss Åij dsj cu [kwc ?kuk jgkA dgk tkr jgk fd mgk¡ cq¡nck ekus rsanqvk vkS
fjNck jgr gk¡A cq¡nck ekjS ds ykyp ek ,d jkr db;d ?k.Vk cUnwd y;s cbBs jgsu
igjh ij ds ,d isaM+ ijA Qsj gkjs t¡qvkM+h vl mrfj ds vk; x;s jgu fBdkus ijA
gedk
dqleh xk¡o cgqr iqjku tukuA bgk¡ vc ds fNrjku vkcknh ds Qbys igjh ds vksa
ikj jgk gS ,d iqjku rykcA tmu cgqr cM+k
ugha jgk vkS ,d dbZ iDdk c¡/kk jgkA chp ek ,d NksVs vkdkj dsj jgk eafnjA fcjkth
jgh vksds fHkrjs lsllkbZ fclqu Hkxeku dsj ewjfrA ?kkV vkS mgk¡ rss efUnj igq¡p;
ckyk ikuh ij ds jkLrk vkS efUnj lc tjtj jgsaA ewjr ij ifugk lk¡i c¡mM+s jgr
jgsaA ty p<+kcS ckys cs [kkSQ eafnj ek ?kqfl dss ty p<+kcr jgsaA xk¡o rss
ckgj gks; rss yksxu ds vkck tkgh de jghA mgSa rs lq# gks; tkr jgk cuA vLkFkku
[kkSQukd ykxr jgk iS gedk mvk vdjflr ;srss fdfgl fd ge rc rd dmukS efUnj
ek fclqu ewjr fcjkth ugha fn[ks jgsuA
rykc vkS efUnj cgqr iqjku jgsaA NRrhlx<+ ek nsfcu dsj vf/kd ekU;rk gSA
gedk
rks ns[kS dsj ekSdk ugha feyk iS tkus feyk fd mgk¡ esyk Hkjck djr gS vkS yksx
ckx eukSrh euk; ds iqtkbZ djS vkcr gk¡aA b;k tkfu ds [kqlh HkS fd vksrs ,d
cw<+ vukFk fc/kck dsj isV Hkjr gSA cqf<+;k dsj cM+h bTtr gSA mvk jkst vk;
ds efUnj dsj lQkbZ db ds ewjr ij ty vkS Qwy p<+k; ds vxj cRrh ckfj nsfr gSSA
ekuk tkr jgk fd vksdj dhu >kM+&Qw¡d dkjxj gksfr gSA
tmu ?kj gedk jgS dk feyk [kwc Qby jgkA nqb
cM+s cM+s dksBck vkS rhu vkslkfju ds lkFkS cM+k v¡xuk jgkA ihNs dbZ dksfy;k jgh
tmus ij >kM+ >a[kkM+ tes jgsaA ckjh VwV&QwV jgh vkS tejs ek fdlku
lqugj lkgw dsj ?kj jgk] tgk¡ jgk dqvk¡A ikuh [khapS [kkfrj yxk jgk Vs<+k
ekus <sdqjhA lqugj dsj ,d xk; ykxr jgh tmu vk/kk fdyks nw/k nsr jghA ci: tc
rc gejsm xnsyu [kkfrj vk/kk iko ds djhc nw/k yS vkcr jgsaA mudk ys; dk jgk gS
d`f’k fjuA
cVjsy
ek ,d lIrkg dkVs jguA dqleh ek lcS lqikl cur pys xsaA nw/k dsj cM+h fdYyr jghA
eqUuh vkS xqM~Mw [kkfrj x¡xso ek xk; ikys jgsu] tc fd mgk¡] mvk le; pkj vkuk lssj nw/k feyr jgkA dksrek vk;u r xk;
lkFk ugha vk;hA dkyjh gks; ds dkju dksrek cgqr eg¡x jgkA mgk¡ nw/k jgk gS ckjg
vkuk lsjA nleyo iz.kkyh okyk fdyks xzke rcs nw/k [kkfrj dgkSa dgkSa fdyks xzke
ek csapk cslkgk tkr jgkA Cykd ds ihNs ,l0 ,0 ,Q0 dSEi jgkA tmus ek gejs xk¡o
ifjckj dsj gekj dDdk ykxS ckys lkeys flag jgsaA dSEi ek ts nw/k ns; vkeS mues
rss ,d rss gejs bgk¡ iBck; nsa;A nw/k eg¡x t:j jgk iS lq) vkS t:jr Hkj dk fey
tkr jgkA dqleh vk;u r /kerjh tc tbZ r fMCck can *feYd esM* ;k dmukS ikmMj ckyk
^iSd* ys vkcr jgsuA mgk¡ pk; ek nw/k ds ,ct ek useqvk Mkfj ds fi;S ykxs jgsuA
gekj ygqj HkkbZ v#.kizrki flag ¼cPpk ckcw½ ts lsYl VSDl
bUlisDVj jgsa] mvk le; nqxZ ftyk ds ^vmV iksLV* fppksyk ek inLFk jgsaA mvk jgk
gS e0iz0 vkS egkjkLVª dsj ^ckMZj*A Å¡ lifjckj dqleh vk; ds jfg xsa jgsaA muds
x;s ds dqNS fnuk chrs jgsa rc lc rss ygqjÅ HkkbZ r#.kizrki flag ¼fdUus½ vk¡;a]s
ts ^bf.M;u us”kuy usoh* ds izfl) foØkr tgkt ek inLFk jgsaA bZa fefMy bZLV ds
nmjk db ds rc ds cEcbZ vc ds eqEckbZ vk; ds NqV~Vh y; ds vk;s jgsaA vcS rd tblu
jgk etsu ek chrkA ,d fnuk fcvkjh db ds xIi ekjr cbB jgsu cxy ek fiYyh c¡/kh
jghA ,d cM+h chNh vk; ds vksfgu dbZ l¡?kfj;kuA fiYyh vksds dbZ vkxs dsj ,d
xksM+ c<+k; ds [ksyS d fdfgl fd chNh Vid fnfglA fiYyh dsj xksgkj vblu jgh fd
ykxS fd mvk vc u th ldhA yxsu jgr jgk ,d euekSth xqfu;k] tsdk ysM+xk dgk tkr
jgk] mvk vk; ds >kfM+l Qw¡fdlA gedk >kM+&Qw¡d ek fclqvkl u rcS jgk u
vc vk;] iS fiYyh lkUr gks; xS jghSA xIi lM+kdk can HkS r fdUus mBsa] nwjh /kjh
[kfV;k mBkcS xsa rks nsf[ku vksa ek yiVh gS ukfxuA ge cbcs dbZ filkc djS x;u r
mgkSa fcjkth jgh ,d ukfxu tkuk VkpZ fygs jgsu ugha rks gekj ik¡o vksa ij t:j
ifM+ tkrA mgk¡ ukfxu dk djSr dgk tkr gSaA
gekj eu cnykA bZekunkjh] fd gegha vius fu?kkZfjr gsMDoVZj ij
jgS pkgh dsj lksp gokgokbZ gks; xSA uSlfxZd xzke lksHkk rss eu mpfV xkA gejs
vykck /kerjh Cykd ek dmukS ofj’B d`f’k
foLrkj vf/kdkjh ugha jgsa ts xk¡o ds vius gsMDokVZj ij jgr jgs gksa;¡A lc
/kerjh ek jgck djr jgsaA ge Msjk&MQkyk cSyk xkM+h ij /kjk;u vkS tk; igq¡psu
/kerjh ds ejkBk ikjkA mgk¡ vkuUnjko iokj HkwriwoZ dqlqeh tehnkj gedk nqb dksBu
dk #fi;k 45 ek fdjk;s ek n; fnfguA
yfM+dbZa ek ge dbvd csjdh vius bgk¡ ds cjnk
xkfM+u ek pf<+ ds cjkrs x;s jguA
bykgkckn {ks= ek cSyxkM+h] lokjh [kkfrj dcgw¡ ugha jgha] u vc vkghaA
mgk¡ ds xe¡b vkS lgju ek ifgys ,Ddu ds Hkjekj jghA vkVks fjDlu ds vk; x;s ds
cknkS ,Ddk vcg¡w gk¡A fc|k th dk dqleh rs /kerjh rd ds ;k=k esa cSyxkM+h lokjh
dsj ifgy vkS vkf[kjh vuqHko jgkA gers rks ugha] iS gejs HkkbZ] vius nscj rs
g¡lh fdgs jghs fd ^^ nknw tks viuk ds bgk¡ ge fcvkfg ds u vbr] r cSyxkM+h ds
lckjh djS rs oafpr jfg tbrA
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