24&gk¡Fkh ij lokj gks; ds cujkt n”kZu
“kgMksy
vk; ds ge lgk;d lapkyd d`f’k in lEgkjsu r ik;u fd Jh gf”pUnz JhokLro ifgysu ls lgk;d lapkyd mn~;ku ds in ij inLFk
gSaA budj pkpk th Lo0 ckcw n”kjFk izlkn th JhokLro vkS gekj firk th lgokBh vkS
ije fe= jgsaA nwukS tus f”k{kk foHkx e laHkkxh; f”k{k.k v/kh{kd ds pn ij ls
lsok fuo`RRk Hks jgsaA LokHkfod jgk gf”kPkUnz th vkS gekj varjaxrk gks; tkcA
gekj nwukS tuu dsj dk;Z {ks= ,d; jgkA vDlj ge nwukS tus] nmjk e lkFk; tkck djhA
vksa fnuk ekuiqj tkr jgh fd thi ds vkxw ls] cM+s “kku ds lkFk cujkt lM+d ikj
fdfguA gjh”k th dfgu ^^,d csjdh dk;ZØe cukbZ fd budk usjs ls bfReuku ds lkFk
ns[kk tk;A ge ik¡ps utnhd gksr dhu tc dcgw¡ cl ,d >yd ik; ds jfg tkbr gSA**
^^viuk r gejs eq¡g ds ckr NM+k; fygsu] ge bgS
dg; tkr jgsu] Hkyk crkbZ nsl&ijnslk dsj yksx budk ns[k; vkcr gS] ge ik¡ps
dk dwdqj df<+yk;s jgsu fd Bgfjvk; ds ck?k ugha nsf[k ik;uA tc dckS vbl; ,d
>yd nsf[k ds jfg tbr gSA**
gekj ckr iwj gksr; gjh”k th cksy ijsa ^^ vblu
dhu tk; fd vxys eghuk iqfu ds ;sgha db dsj nmjk Øk;ZØe cukck tk;A “kuhpj dk
^ck¡/kox<+ jtcZ* ek ^Vkbxj QhLV* gksck djr gSA #fi;k 160 tek db fngs
ifj;kstuk izca/ku ou ek iM+ck c¡/kok; nsr gSA jkr ds ck?k iM+ok d ekfj ds
vks[kj jdr ih ds losjs vks[kk rkds uxhpsu dgkSa yqdku cbB jgr gSA [kksft;k izca/ku
dk lwpuk nb nsr gSa fd Qyk tkxk ck?k ejh fdgs gSA rc lgt gks; tkr gS Ik;ZVdu dk
^izkstsDV* ds gk¡Fkh ij lokj gks; ds ^LikV* ij tk; ds bfReuku ls ck?k ns[kcA**
vxys
eghuk ds ifgy vbrokj dk ge nwukS tusu ds lifjokj ck¡/kox<+ nmjk dk;ZØe r;
gks; xkA cM+s ldkjsu thi py fnfgl ck¡/kox<+ jk’Vªh; mn~;ku dbZ dkA ikyh vkS
mefj;k okyh iDdh lM+d] dksbyk <ksc; okys Vªdu ds dkj.k mvk le; cgqr
m[kM+h&iq[kM+h jghA tc&rc vpkud dbvd ?kaVu dk tke yfx tkck djr
jgkA eqM+uk unh e xqBqvk Hkj ikuh jgk]
vks[kk ikj db ds] py fngsu vk/kh dPph&iDdh okyh lM+d ij vkS ldjHkj; ig¡qfp
x;u ^ck¡/kox<+ izkstsDV* ds m/kUuh xk¡o rkykA
gejs ik¡pu ds lkFk jgsa gjh”k th dsj lgk;d
Lo0 vaxn “kEkkZ ts nmM+&/kwi db ds #fi;k 16 tuklh tEkk db ds gkf¡Fku dsj
izcU/k db fyfgu vkS bgkS irk d; fyfgu fd jkr ek y?ksu ds dEikVZesUV ek ck?k ejh
d; ds] vks[kk rkds >kfM+u e yqdku cbB gSA
xkbM gejs Vhe dk epku ds y/ks ysck; ys
vkck ts ij ls gk¡fFku ds ihB ij cbBk tkr jgkA ulsuh ls lc tus Åij pf<+ x;uA
gjfcu ,d ds ckn ,d] nqb gk¡Fkh vk; ds Bk<+ HksaA ,d ij gjh”k th mudj iRuh
fcfV;k&csVck vkS vaxn th fcjktsa] nqljs ij ge vkS fo|k th lokj gks; ds LikV
dbZ py fngsuA vf/kd nsj ugha ykx] gk¡Fkh vk; ds ujck ikj Bk<+ HksaA ujck
lw[k jgk tsek iM+k jgk jkr ek ck?k dsj ekjk iM+ckA ck?k ujck ikj >kM+h ds
vksVs gejs ik¡pu dbZ fugkjr cbB jgkA iS iwjk iwjk u ns[kk;A egkmr gk¡fFku dk
vejs&tejs Bk<+ fdfgu tgk¡ ls ck?k lkQ ns[kk; ykxA ujck eqf”dy ls jgk
gks;h djhc 10 QqV pkdyA b;k ikj ujck ds tejs
gekj ik¡pu ds lokjh gk¡Fkh jg]sa vksa ikj jgsa cujktA nwum ds nwjh jgh gks;h
bg; 20&25 QqVA gk¡Fkh Bk<+ jgsa] lokjh [kqlqj&Qqlqj epk;s jgsaA
egkmr dfgl ^ckrsa er dfj;s^A fo|k th cksyha ^^ lquk gS fd gkFkh ck?k ds utnhd
rd tkdj Ik;ZVdksa dks fn[kkrs gSaSA**
^^vki lCk Mj dj gYyk u djsa rks ys Pkyrk gw¡
gk¡Fkh ck?k ds utnhd rd** egkmr tokc fnfglA
vks[kj
ckr ekU; dhu x;A gekj okyk gk¡Fkh vkxs cf<+ ds ujck e mrjk vkS ikj pf<+
ds igq¡fp xk ck?k ds usjsA ck?k Bk<+ gks; xk vkS iw¡N eqjZr xqjkZuA gk¡Fkh
mBk; fnfgl lw¡M+A rc rd nqljkS gk¡Fkh lw¡M+ mBk;s ogq¡fp xk usjsA ck?k pqik; ds
cbfB xk vkS #vkc ls fugkj; ykx gk¡fFku vkS ge ik¡ps lokfju dkA cM+k jksek¡pd]
euksjatd vkS ukVdh; jgk utkjkA nqljdck gk¡Fkh py fnfgl fVdqjh p<+r vkxsA
ghaB pyk gejkS ckyk gk¡FkhA vcdh gk¡Fkh ?ku?kksj ou ek jkg cukor ?kqlsaA lkeus
ck¡l dsj Hkhjk vk; xk] gk¡Fkh ewM+ ls Bsy fnfgl] Hkhjk >qfd xk] gk¡Fkh ukfd
ds ihNs fQjk] ewM+s ls Bsfy ds Hkhjk d Bk<+ db fnfgl vkS fQfj ds
>wer&>ker ghaBr vkS bg; csj csj djr cf<+ pyk epku dbZA 15&20
feuV ek igq¡pk; fnfgl epku ds yxsA
xtc
ds izf”kf{kr gSa gk¡FkhA egkmr ds gj b”kkjk dk le>r] vkns”k ikyu dj; ls ugha
pwd;¡A larqyu cuk;s jgr g¡; fd ihB ij ds lokjh Mxexk; u ikcSA yfM+dbZa e cjkr e
tk; [kkfrj dbvd csjdh gk¡Fkh dsj lokjh dj; dsj ekSdk feykA dfBu gksr jgk gk¡Fkh
ij p<+c&mrjcA gmnk ij cbBs [kj ds idM+s jg; d ijr jgk ck¡/ks jLlk dA
vksgh d idfM+ ds c¡mM+; d ijr jgk gk¡Fkh ds ihB ij ck¡/kss gmnk ij ig¡qp; furhA
lokjh p<+kc; furh gk¡Fkh d cbBk; nhu tkr jgk] rÅ iksjlk Hkj Å¡ps p<+; d ijr
jgkA bgk¡ gk¡Fkh ij p<;&mrj; [kkfrj jgk Bk<+ gk¡Fkh ds m¡pkbZ okyk
lh<+h nkj epkuA izkstsDV dsj gk¡Fkh vkS egkmr vk;s gSa dsjy lsA
thou
Hkj u Hkwfy ikc; okyk b;k luluh[kst euksjatd cujkt utkjk ls jhru] r xkbM ds
lkFk py fngsu viusu thi ij pf< ds vku vku cu latqvk ns[k;A tmus [kkfrj vaxn
th fu/kkZfjr Qhl tek db ds jlhn vkS eatwjh i+=d ifgysu y; pqds jgsaA b;k {ks=
ek tc tc nmjk dj; d fudjsu] r eq[; lM+d mefj;k ls iuiFkk rd ds vejs&tejs
ck?k] cu Hk¡blk] lk¡Hkj] phrj vkS cjgk ns[k; d fefyu tkr jgsaA ;sls mudk ns[k;
dsj vf/kd ykyp ugha jgh] eu jgk ck¡/kkSx<+ ns[k; dsjA
thi
jokuk Hk; rc gedk vkiu Kku c?kkj; dsj ekSdk feykA crk;u fd gj ck?k dVugk ugha
gks;] c#d djr gS eubZ dsj bTtrA tc eubZ vksdk rdyhQ nsr gS rc cu tkr gS dVugk
vkS ujHk{khA eubZ ds uk¡bZ ck?kkS dbvd LoHkko dsj gksr gSa] tbls
1&^dk”kl*&lpsr] 2&^cksYM*&fuMj] 3&^ds;jysl*&ykijokg]
4&^fVfEkM^&dk;j vkS 5&^,xzsflo*&vkØkedA b;k gegha tku; feyk]
t;iqj ds duZy dsljh flag ds fy[kh iksFkh ^n VkbxlZ vkQ jktLFkku* lsA duZy dsljh
flag t;iqj LVsV ds vykok Xokfy;j LVsV ds ^dUtosZVj vkQ QkjsLV* jgsaA ck?ku ds
LoHkko fu/kkZj.k] okLrfod ?kfVr ?kVuu ds vk/kj ij fdfgu gSA
gekj jkek;.k pkyw jgh] rc; fo|kth cksy mpha ^^
vkt dsj ns[kk ck?k dmus LoHkko dsj gS\** ge yf[k x;u fd fo|k th el[kjh djrh ykx
g¡bZA ^^ck¡/kkS/kjk dsj b;k ck?k dsj LoHkko gS lgu“khy leUo;cknhA** gekj tokc
jgkA gejs ik¡pu ds pqgqyckth d gjh”k th yf[k ds Bgkdk ekj ds g¡l iM+saA
taxy
thou lqu;] ns[k;] Hkksx; vkS i<+; ek gekj #fp yfM+dbu ls jgh vk;h gSA chloha
lnh e e”kgwj jgsa gSa fgUnh f”kdkj dFkk ys[kd Jhjke “kekZ thA buds ckjs ek
izfl) i=dkj vkS lkfgR;dkj ia0 cukjlhnkl prqoZsnh fyf[ku gS&^bUgs fHkUUk
fHkUUk uke ls fy[kuk iM+rk FkkA Jhjke “kekZ izfl) vkSj fl) vpwd fu”kkuk Hkh
lh/kk ikBdksa ds g`n; ij tkdj cSBrk gS&i<+us okys yksV iksV gks tkrs
gSaA*
gejs
ikl /kjh gS iqLrd ^EkkSr ds ekn esa^A tmus e ys[kd dsj uke Nik gS ^egar /kujkt
iqjh*A vksdk i<+s ls gekj eu “k”kafdr jgk fd egar dc ls f”kdkjh gks;xsa\
tc prqosZnh th dsj Åij okyk m)j.k
i<+; d feyk r ykx fd mvk iqLrd dsj ys[kd dmum egar u gks; ds ;sbu Jhjke th
“kEkkZ vkghaA
fo”o
izfl) f”kdkjh vkS v¡xzth f”kdkj dFkk ys[kd ds uke ls fgeky; ds miR;dk ek Hkkjr
ljdkj ^fte dkcsZV jk’Vªh; m|ku* LFkkfir fdfgl gSA jksek Bk<+ d; ns; okyh
?kVuu dsj csmjk i<+; d feyk muds iqLrd ^ n eSu bZVj vkQ dqek¡Å* ekA vQlksl
gksr gS fd Ekk¡x ds i<+; ckys vblu iqLrd okil ugha dj¡;A
ck¡/kox<+ ig¡qp; ckys ou ekxZ ds ck¡;s tejs
,d foLr`r eSnku e lSdM+u ds rknkn ek j[kjs phrj ns[kkusA thi Bk<+ d; ds mrfj
ds ns[k; ykxsuA dbvd phrj lkod mNjr dqnjkr cgqr; eksgd ykx;¡A mg¡; esj esj ds
i{kh muds vxy cxy ghaBr ns[kkusA ,dk/k r ihB ij cbB ?kyk; ns[kkuA eSnku ds
pmfxnZ Å¡ps ?kus isaM+u ij fofHkUUk tkfr ds cbB i{kh dyjo djr eueksgs jgsaA ?;ku
vkck fd ekuq’k taxyjkt dfgds bgk¡ ds ekgkSy d cnuke djr gS] iS bgkSa ,d rjg ds
lgvfLRkRo dsj jkt gSA
vc
thi p<+; ykx igkjh dsj Vs<+&esj lM+d vkS dk¡[kS ykx bgk¡ igq¡pr tgk¡
pkjkS dbZ Å¡p vkS Nrukj isaM+ gSa fd lq#t dsj fdju Hkq¡b u Nqb ike;¡A buds chp
ek NksV dk [kqyk eSnku gSA ihNs gS pV~Vkuh lh/k Hkhrh vl Bk<+ igkjA cUn db
fngsu thi dsj batu vkS mrj ijsu lctusA
bgk¡
<kbZ&rhu QqV Å¡p pV~Vuh pmrjk ij iw#c dbZ eq¡g vkS ifPNe dbZ xksM+ fdgs
34 QqV yEch vkS 14 QqV pkdy iM+h voLFkk e fo’.kq izfrek x<+h x; gSA tsds
xksM+s ds yxs ls ,d Nsn ls HkYy&HkYYk djr ,d Nhu ty/kkj fudfj ds izkd`frd
dq.M dbZ mrfj tkfr gSA b;k izfrek dgkofr gS ^”ks’klkbZ Hkxoku fo’.kq* vkS ty/kkjk
pj.k xaxkA ikuh BaM vkS gS fueZyA b;k LFkku ?kyk; BaM gSA rjafxr gks; xk eu]
“khry ean lqxa/k ;qDr bgk¡ ds iou lsA iS isV ek vc mNj&dwn epk; fngs jgsa
EkwlA [kqfy xs lkFk e y; vk;sa nwukS ifjokj dsj fVfQuA cM+k Lokfn’V ykx
iwM+h&lCTkh ds lkFk vpkju vkS uedhu lso okyk HkkstuA [kk;&v?kk; ds
Msdkjr vyflvk; xk euA iS vc; r ghaBr] igkj pf<+ ds ns[k; d jgk
ck¡/kksx<+A vkyl dk /krk crkcr ghaB fngsu igkj dsj p<+kbZ p<+; dkA
ilhuk
fppqvkor] g¡Qjr tk; igq¡psu mgk¡] tgk¡ ,d Hkkjh Hkjde] 16 QqV Å¡p vkS 8 QqV
pkdy dkBs dsj ges”kk can jg; okyk njcktk
gS tmu dgkor gS ^fdju iksy*A ¼iksy “kCn laLd`r dsj viHkza”k vk;½A iksy [kksyk
rc tkr gS tc bgk¡ ds fdysnkj dsj eatwjh feyfr gSA b;k ijaijk vk; r jktra= dky
dsj iS vkSipkfjdrk vktkS fuHkk;h tk; jgh gSA jktra= dky ek ^ck¡/kkSx<+
fdysnkj* vksgnk tcj gksck djr jgkA b;k vksgnk fOk”oluh; lqik= dk nhu tkr jgkA
jkT; ds ckgj okyk ijnslh ekuk tkr jgk] vks[kk lkFk; lsaxj vkS pkSgku jktiwru dk
x<+ ds fHkrjs ?kql; dsj ikcanh jghA
bg;
Hkhedk; dkB njcktk d dkfV ds ck¡bZ dbr rjh ,d f[kjdh cuh gS] tmu iz;ksx gksfr
gS izos”knqvkj vl] tmus ls fcuk fugqjs izcs”k ugha dhu tk; ld;A ,d ,d dbZ ds
?kqfl x;u lc tus fHkrjsA b;k fdyk leqnzry ls 2662 QhV Å¡p Ckk¡/kks uke ds igkjh
ds pksVh ij fLFkfRk gks; ds dkj.k +dgkc; ykx ck¡/kksx<A] cgqrsjs ;s[kk dgr&fy[kr
gSa ck¡U/kox<+A tkfgj gS fd b;k ioZrh;nqxZ dsj fuekZ.k mvk dky ek Hk; gks;h
tc uxj jkT; dsj ijaijk jghA ;sdk efgekef.Mr djb;k] fy[kUrk fy[kr gSa fd b;k
x<+ jkeca/kq y{ke.k dsj fuekZ.k djkck vk;] ;sls dgkcr gS ck¡U/kcx<+A
^gfjoaa”k ioZ^ ds 121 osa “yksd ds vuqlkj jktk jkepUnz dsj tue 24 osa euoarj ds
=srk;qx ek Hkk jgkA b;k lanHkZ ds vuqlkj jkek;.k dsj ?kVuk ¼jke tUe½ 11844000
cfj’k ifgys HkkA ¼Mk0 j?kqjkt flag pkSgku ds fgUnh ys[kka”k dsj c?ksyh vuqokn½A
b;k dkYifud dky e ck¡/kksx<+ dsj fuekZ.k gksc gejs ext e ugha cbB;A vbl; dYpqjh
vius dU;k in~ed¡qofj dsj fcvkg c?ksy jktk djunso ls dfj ds ck¡/kkSx<+ ngst e
fnfgu gejs xjs ugha mrj;A dkgs ls fd fofHkUu bfrgkl iUuu dsj mn~/kj.k gekj eu
Hkzfer fdgs gSA viukS tku ysbZ ;sds ckjs ek ;Fkk&
1& ^ + + +--14 “krkCnh vkrs vkrs
dYpqfj;ksa dk “kklu bl {ks+= ls mB x;k] ij nf{k.k esa jRuiqj vkSj jk;iqj esa og
v{kq.; jgkA ;gk¡ dh ,d “kk[kk ds lksenRr dpZqyh us tks jRuiqj ds dYpqfj jkT; ds
vUrxZr ,d Hkkx lksgkxiqj ds “kkld Fks] viuh iq=h ine dqo¡fj dk fookg xqtjkr ls
bl vapy esa vk;s O;k?kznso ds ts’B iq= ck?ksy ujs”k d.kZnso ls djds
ck¡/kox<+ dk viuk fdyk ngst esa ns fn;kA* ¼jhok jkT; dk bfrgkl i`’V
30&xq# jkefi;kjs vfXugks=h½A ;sbu bfrgkldkj vius ,d ys[k ek bgkS fyf[ku gS
fd ck¡/kox<+ tblu fo”kky ^fdyk d ngst ns; okys dYpqjh lksgkxoqj ds usjs
Mxfu;k dsj NksV tkxhjnkj jgsaA dky jgk g mgS mijksDr of.kZr lnh pkSngohaA*
2&^+
+ +djunso lu 615 esa jktk gqvkA mlus jkT; dks c<k+;k vkSj mldk uke c?ksy[k.M
jD[kkA djunso us e.Myk ds jktk dh iq=h ls fookg dj ckU/kox<+ fdys dks ngst
esa ik;k vkSj viuh dpgjh ogha yxk;kA^&Hkkjr Hkze.k ds izFke [k.M v/;k; 6
ist 154 ohj/koy ds oa”k esa 615 bZLoh esa jktk O;k?kznso gq,] ftuds uke ij
c?ksyoa”k dgyk;kA* ¼jes”k jk?ko&{f=; dqy ifjpkfjdk ist 94½A
3&^+
+ +¼O;k?kznso½ og ,d NksVh lh lSU; VqdM+h ds lkFk dk”kh iz;kx oxSjg esa iM+ko
djrs gq, 980&81 bZLoh ds vkl ikl foU/; {ks= ds eM+Qk esa igq¡pk vkSj ogk¡
ij [kkyh iM+s eM+Qk nqxZ dks vkokl cuk;kA^ ¼foU/; {ks= esa ck?ksy oa”k ds
laLFkkid O;k/kznso&Mk0 fnokdj flag] jhok½A
4&^c?ksyu
ds vkSykn fy[kk tcrs xqtjkr rs vk;sa] iqj[kk Bkdqj dgkeS ykfxA iqfj[kk 3 t;flag
nso 1] ohj/otnso 2] O;k?kznso 3A xqtjkr rs iqfj[kk 3 Hksa g¡; djunso 4
lksgkxnso 5] lkjaxnso 6] dkfyatjfg vkb nqb HkkbZ Hkj jktk ds pkdj Hksa chlynso
7 tsBs] Hkheynso ygqjs xgksjfg vk;sA iqfj[kk 7 Hkfj xgksjk jgsA Bkdqj dgkoS
ykfx Hkheynso xgksjk ds yksf/ku dga ekfj ds xgksjk N¡M+k; yhfUgu] iqfu xgksjk
dsfj jkt dfyatj ds Hkheynso dk nhUgsuA cYykjnso rs jktk HksaA iBku ikrlkfg jktk
dhUg] rfjgkj yhUgsu xgjckju dk nsl “kq)k cMsjkA¼ck¡/kksx<+ ,dks=k½A
get
mu if<+ ds tkusu rmu gekj dye mfxy fnfgl] vc viuk vius vfdy ?kksM+ d nmM+k;
ds [kksft ybZ lR;] ge pfyr gS cks/kkSx<+ dbZA
fdju iksy ikj d; ds vkxs c<+u vkS ns[k;
ykxu pV~Vkuu ds izkd`frd Hkhfru ij rjk”k ds mdsjh ckeu] eRL;] dPNi vkS ckjkg izfreu
dkA vkLFkkoku vius dkYifud dY;ku furh] bu izfreu dsj ty] v{kr] Qwy ls r
vfHk’ksd djr; gSa] cgqrsjs buds xjhch d ns[kr lc ls de nke okyk flDdk ?kyk;
p<+k; nsr gSaA buek lcls tcj gS 18 QqV Å¡p ckou izfrekA bgk¡ ls vkxs cf<+
ds vk; igq¡psu ck¡U/kok/kh”k eafnj ;sgh ds tejs gS ukn rykc vkS ikFkj dkfV ds
cuckck Hkk¡n rykcA ;sek ?kkV ?kyk; cus gSaA tejsu e gS fxjr Hkgjkr ,d tcj HkouA
vksgh ds tejs ,d tcj vkS Å¡p dksBck ek /kjku g¡bZ ^fVUk “khV*A bgk¡ ls cf<+
ds FkksM+k vkxs x;u tgk¡ fxjs Hkgjku Hkouu dsj eyek fn[ksu] tsek tkfe ds
ckf<+ ds tcj gks; xs gSa esj esj dsj taxyh fcjck vkS >kM+hA vksds vkxs gS
?ku?kksj ?kuk cuA mgk¡ vmj dk nsf[kr\ py fngsu ns[k; jktk efp;kA b;k LFkku
n”kZuh; ykxA mvk pkSdksj pkdy vkS eksV ikFkj ifV;k ij cbBs ns[kkr gS iksjlu rjh
dsj fdyksehVju nwj rd uSlfXkZd utkjkA eu u ij; mB; dsj rc gjh”k th lqf/k nsokbu
fd vc; mrj; d gS igkj ij ls rjhA lq#t nsmrk vkiu xfr idM+s c<+s pys tkr jgsa
vLrkPky dbZA rfc;r yLr gks; x; jgh] etcwju mfB ds pysu vkS x<+ ls mrfj ds
vk; ig¡qpsu thi ds usjsA
ck¡/kox<+
ek ,d ek= tmu n”kZuh; vkS gS v{kq.k mvk
vk; 4 QqV Å¡ph dqlhZ ij cuk ck¡U/kok/kh”k eafnjA [kEHksnkj frUnqvfjvu okyh
vkslkjh lqUnjrk ek Pkkj pk¡n yxkofr gSA bgk¡ iwtk dj; d ,d iqtsjh rSukr gSS ts
rjh ds xk¡ok e jgr gSA tUekLVeh dk bgk¡ n”kZukFkhZ vor gSa vkS Hkjr gS esykA 30
cfj’k ifgys lu 1982 e ns[ks ck¡/kkSx< ds ckjs ek cgqr dqN fclfj tkc LokHkfod
gSA bfrgkldkj vln [kku ts gedk nknk HkkbZ lEcksf/kr djr eku nsr g]S vkiu
izdkf”kr iksFkh ^n fgLVkfjdy ekuwesUVl vkQ c?ksy[k.M* HksaV db xs gSaA ;sdj izdk”ku
Hkk gS ^xk;=h izdk”ku jhok ls lu 2007 ekA b;k iksFkh ek ck¡/kksx<+ dsj c`gn
o.kZu gSA vln [kku ck¡/kksx<+ ek=
mgk¡ dsj ,sfrgkfld rF; cVksj; [kkfrj dbvd csjdh tk; pqds gSa rc b;k xzaFk rS;kj
fdfgu gSA ;sls ;sdj lgkjk ysr ge vkxs vkiu ckr c<+kmcA ;n~;fi ge fe=u ds
lkFk nqckjk frckjk ?kyk; ck¡/kksx< x;u iS cu latqvk nsf[k ds cgqfj vk;uA
,sfrgkld rF; tku; dsj ekSdk ugha feykA
^n
fgLVkfjdy ekuwesUVl vkQ c?ksy[k.M^ esa of.kZr gSa n”kZuh; LFky 1&y[kcfj;k
2&ekFkiVij 3&vLrcy 4&dpgjh 5&lnkvksjekuh 6&“ks’klk;h 7&dju
iksy 8&fuxjkuh dksBjh 9&dypqjh
njcktk 10&ckeu 11&ckjkg 12&dPNi 13&eRLl vmrkj iqrjh 14&efp;k
15&eksrh egy 16&ck¡/kok/kh”k eafnj 17&[ktkuk 18&QkSth cSjsd
19&dchj eafnj 20&/kjenkl vkS ekrk vfEku eafnj 21&xqIr xaxk 22&j?kqir
pmjk 23&efLTkn 24&pju xaxk 25&uan rykc vkS 26&Hkan rykcA crkck
tkr gS fd ck¡/kks x<+ ek 12 rykc gSa mu es ls 4&5 ek ikuh jgk vkcr gSA
gedk
bZa lc ds lc ns[k; dsj ekSdk ugha feyk] tmu fn[ksu mvk b;k fd y[kcfj;k e ge
ik;u fd pV~Vku dkfV ds dksBfj;k cukbZ xbZ g¡bZaA ifgys dcgw¡ eubZ jgr jgs
gksbgha] vc r cu latqvk rki] cj’kk vkS “khr ls cp; furh vk; ds] bgk¡ [kqj[kqUn epkor ey&ew= R;kfx
ds pys tkr gSaA
^n fgLVkfjdy ekuwesUVl vkQ c?ksy[k.M* e of.kZr
gS fd “ks’klk;h izfrek dsj fuekZ.k jktk
;qojktnso dYpqfj ds ea=h xksYyd nleh lnh e djk;s jgsaA Mk0 jkedqekj flag d`fr
izFke laLdj.k ^dypqfj ujs”k vkSj muds oa”kt* ds i`’V 6 ek ys[k gS&;qojkt
nso izFke ¼915&945 bZLoh½ ds ea=h ekdk feJ us tks ,d fo}ku vkSj /kfEkZd
izo`fRr dk czkg~e.k Fkk ck¡U/kox<+ esa eRL;] dwEkZ] ckjkg] ij”kqjke vkSj gy/kj
dh cM+h CkM+h ewfrZ;k¡ [kqnokbZaA* “ks’klk;h izfrek dsj mYYks[k ugha vk;A
^n
fgLVkfjdy ekuwesUVl vkQ c?ksy[k.M* iqLrd ek eksrh egy dsj tcj o.kZu gS] tmu gS
/oLrA tmus dky ek eksrh egy dsj fuekZ.k dky of.kZr gS vkus txgu ek mvk dky vkS
vksls ifgys ds fufEkZr Hkou tmu gedk
ns[k; d feysa Å¡ [kklk cqyUnh fygs Bk<+ ns[k; d feysaA tbls vkxjk]
Qrsiqj&lhdjh bykgkckn vkfn ds fdyu dsj egyA eksrh egy dsj iVksg gedk ekVh
fufEkZr ns[kkuA dkfyatj ek r vmj ifgys ds fufeZr dbvd Hkou gedk Bk<+
ns[kkusA tc fd mgk¡ p<+kbZ ij p<+kbZ gksr jgh vk;haA jktLFkku ds fdyu ds
vUnj iUnzgoha lnh ds fufEkZr gedk dbvd egy ns[k; d feysaA Ckk¡/kok/kh”k eafnj d
Nk¡fM+ ds ck¡/kkSx<+ e c?ksy jktu ds cuck;s ,dvkS Hkou ugha vk; tmu fxj ds
/kwg vl u gks; xk gks;A dkgs dsj tokc gedk ugha lwf> ijSA
rc;
ds jhok jkT; ds bfrgkldkj ck¡/kksx<+ dk vts; x<+ dgr vius dye dsj L;kgh
lq[k; ns; ek ugha pwdsaA tcfd lu 1597 ls
1602 bZLoh rd b;k nqxZ eqxqy lRrk ds vk/khu jgkA eqDr fdfgu ckn”kkg vdcj] jktk
jkepUnz nso ds csVck jktk ohjHknz nso ds eqlyeku fHkrjgkbZ ds isV ls tuesa muds
ygqj vkS tkjt csVck nq;ksZ/ku ¼tqjtks/ku½ dsj Vhdk d; ds] cgksj fngs jgsa
ck¡/kox<+ A jktk ohjHknz ds tk;t vkS tsB csVk foØekfnR; ¼fcdjekthr½ ckxh
?kksf’kr jgsaA lu 1505 ek vdcj tUUkr u”khu Hksa] “kkgtknk lyhe tgk¡xhj uke/kfj
ds ns”k dsj ckn”kkg cus] ts jgsa jktk ohjHknz dsj lk<+wA dY;k.k flag ds iq=
jke flag jkBkSj chdkusj dsj tsB iq=h fcvkgh jgh fcØekfnR; dk vkS ygqj lu 1587
ek lyhe dkA¼ vkbus vdcjh ist 58½A foØekfnR; emfl;k ckn”kkg ds bgk¡ vjth yxkbu
fd gekj gd Nhfu yhu xk gSA rc ckn”kkg budk jhek¡&eqdqUniqj uke ds 18 ijxjuu
dsj tkxhj cgky d; fnfguA ¼^ rdlhe ijxus ekfQd Qjeku tgk¡xhj lkg dk jktk
fcdjekthr dh tkxhj dk rcd laoar 1661 ds lky Qjeku ljdkj egky ijxus
18&ck¡/kksx<+ ,dks=k esa ntZA½
ckr
mg; fd ^vk/kh Nk¡M+ lkjh dk /kkc;] vk/kh jg; u lkjh ikc;]* jktk foØekfnR;
ckn”kkg ds bgk¡ ck¡/kox<+ ikc; [kkfrj nkck is”k fdfgu] tmu ukeatwj gks;xkA
rc u vo fnf[ku u rko vius leFkZdu dk yb ds
py fnfgu ck¡/kkSx<+ eqlgjk dj;A ckn”kkg ds bgk¡ ls dNokgk jktk egk
flag dk b;k fonzksg leu dj; dsj gqdqe tkjh HkkA jktk egk flag fonzksg leu dj; e
lQy Hksa r jhEk¡&eqdqUniqj tkxhj db nhu x; mufgu ds ukesaA b;k ckfr vk;
bZLoh lu 1610 dsj tmu ntZ gS jhok ftyk xtsfV;j ist 35 lu 1992A rc QsafQ;kr ckxr
fcØekfnR; nkeu idfM+u “kkgtknk [kqjZe dsj] ts ckn ek ckn”kkg “kkgtgk¡ ds uke ls
gqdwer fdfguA buds ek/;e ls foØekfnR; iqfu ds tk; igq¡ps ckn”kkg tgk¡xhj ds njckj
ekA vius xqukg dsj ekQh ekfxuA rqtqd&,& tgk¡xhjh ek lu 1618 dsj gokyk
nsr ist 254 ek ntZ gS ^vkt jhok¡ dk ck?ksyk jktk vk;k vkSj mlus ,d gkFkh vkSj ,d
tM+kÅ dyxh HksaV dhA mldk dqlwj ekQ gqvk* ¼fgUnh vuqokn½A b;k esj ls iqfu ds
ik; xsa jhek¡&eqdqUniqj tkxhjA vkiu jkt/kkuh cukbu jhek¡ e.Mh dk tgk¡ chgj
vkS fcfN;k unh laxe rV ij ckn”kkg “ksj”kkg lwjh ds “kkgtknk tyky [kk¡ rkehj
dj;s jgsa x<+hA tc 22 ebZ lu 1554 e okfyn “ksj”kkg [kqnk d I;kjs gks; xsa]
rc tyky [kk¡ ysrk&ijsrh Hkkxsa vkS
tk; ds lyhe lkg ckn”kkg cfu ds xn~nh ulhu gks; xss jgsaA x<+h rkehj djk;s
djhc 60 cfj’k chfr xs jgsaA x<+h jhr iM+h jghA jhek¡ jtcalkcyh]s [kkldyeh ek
ntZ gS bckjr ^ jhek dsj fdyk cuckck lyselkg ikrlkfg*A
v/;k;
lekiu djr ,d ckr vmj crk; nsbZA dbvd ys[ku ek b;k i<+; d fEkyk fd jktk
jkepUnz tw nso ds njckj ds egku laxhrdkj rkulsu ck¡/kkSx<+ jgr /kzqin lqukor
jgsaA Vh oh ,ihlksM ?kyk; cuk gS tsek rkulsu dk jktk jkepUnz ds ck¡/kox<+
nkckj ek ns[kck xk gSA ^foU/; izns”k dh laxhr laLd`r&ys[kd Mk0 ,l0 ds0
cuthZ ds ys[k ls tkus feyr gS fd jktk jkepUnz nso dsj tue bZLoh lu 1535 ek
xgksjk ek Hkk vkS mg¡; 1555 bZLoh e jkT;kfHk’ksd HkkA mg¡; ds njckj ek rkulsu
vk; ds lkr cfjl jgsaA cknlkg vdcj dsj pisV iM+k r lu 1562 ek jktk mudk Qrsiqj
lhdjh iB; ds lu 1563 ek [kqn xgksjk
R;kfx ds vk; xsa ck¡/kkSx<+A mvk dky ds jktuhfrd ekgkSy ds en~ns utj b;k ckr
ekStw ykxr gSA
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