32

a                        32&edku fuekZ.k] cS|ukFk/ke vkS foU/;kpy /kke ;k=k

edku fuEkkZ.k fu.kZu;

jhok igq¡fp ds budkj d; fnfgu fo|k th lstgjh tkcA dfgu ^^ bgk¡ viuk dsj IykV csdkj iM+k gS vksa ij edku cuok; ds vc bg¡; jgh**A ^^mvk IykV r rqEgkj vk;** ge dgsu r tokc fnfgu ^^ vk; r viu; dsj] gejs uke djk; fngsu gS**A  lqfo/kk tud ugha jgk] jhok e yhu fdjk;s dsj edkuA ifjtu ,dk/k fnu xqtj d; ds ts tgk¡ ls vk;s jgsa okil gks; xsaA fpa0 /khjsUnz [kksft ds cjk eksgYyk e #fi;k 600 eghuk] fdjk;k dsj edku nsok; fnfguA gejs nsgsa fudj; ykxs jgsa ,d ds ckn ,d Hk;adj QksM+kA eghuu ds ckn dqN futkr feyh r iqfu ds iz”kkUr ds lkFk py fngsu cEcbZ psdvi djkc;A vcdh foDVksfj;k VfEkZuy ij mrfj ds] gjch rjch djr pkj ctr jgsa tc mg; /keZ”kkyk e dejk ys; [kkfrj iz”kkUr D;w ek Bk<+ gks; xsaA vkB cts ds djhc mudj uacj vkck vkS tsujy gky ek nqb vkyekfju lfgr] muds rjh iM+S [kkfyj txg fefy x;A efgyk lkFk e u gks; ds dkj.k dejk ugha feykA ;sdj fdjk;k jgk ,d lhV dsj #fi;k ,dA

MkDVj d`iykuh dsj Dyhfud gsfj [kkst ds psdvi djk;uA [kwu&is”kkc dsj lSEiy yb ds vxys fnu iqfu ds cksykck xkA nloha eafty ij jgh MkDVj d`iykuh dsj Dyhfud tgk¡ ls Dyhu fpV fefy x;A ,d fnu LVhej ij lokj gks; ds nsf[k vk;u ,fyQsUVkA Dyhfud ls cgqjr] jkLrs e cacbZ ds izfl) dykohFkh ?kyk; ns[k; d feyh jghA lruk rd dk Mk;jsDV Vªsu jkr ds feyh vkS cgqfj vk;u jhokA

[kj/kjh efp x; edku fuekZ.k djkc; dsjA izrkix<+h ds Lo0 f”konRr flag¼nknk½ ls #fi;k 32393 esa [kjhnk IykV gS] jhok ds ujsUnz uxj fLFkfr dIrku ckx ek] f>fj;k ukyk ds mRrjh rV ijA IykV lkbt gS] mRrj&nf{k.k  36] iwjc 45 vkS if”pe 37 QqVA ;sdj jftLVªh Lo0 fo|korh flag ds uke Hk; jgh 15 twu 1990 dk vkS fuekZ.k “kq: djkc; furh Hkwfeiwtu 17 Qjojh1995 dkA edku fuekZ.k dk;Z r lkyu lky pyr jgk vkck iS jg; ykbd cuck; ds tuojh 1996 e f[kpM+h d; ds jg; ykxs jgsu vkS uke /kjk;u ^jfodj^A

 lq/khj lstgjh ds dke dsj gjtk djr VªSDVj&Vªkyh vkS ysck; ys vk;s jgsa jstk&etwj mg¡; lsAedku fuekZ.k dky ds “kq#vkr e] bZaV ,d Vªd ux 4000 dsj dher jgh #fi;k 2700] lhes.V cksjh #fi;k 105] jkt feL=h #fi;k 90 vkS etnwj #fi;k 40A eksVj ckbd ls /kkik&/kwih vkS lkexzh <ksckbZ djr jgsa lq/khj VªSDVj&Vªkyh lsA isVªksy dsj dher jgh izfr yhVj #fi;k 21 vkS Mhty #fi;k 8A edku fuekZ.k dk;Z izxfr ds dk¡/kk ls dk¡/kk feyk;s egxkbZ izfrLif?kZr jghA ,d Vªd bZaV dsj dher gks; pyh jgh #fi;k 6000] jsrh 3200] lhes.V cksjh 135] yksgk 4000 izfr fDoaVy vkS fxV~Vh 1700 izfr VªdA

cfgu&HkkbZ dsj eku eukSvy

uo fufZeZr edku e jg; ds pkj lkYk ifgys] lu 1992 dsj ckfr vk;A lq/khj vkS gejss ef>ys lkj Lo0 e`R;qat; izrki flag ¼uUgs flag½ ds ,d ek= csVck fpa0 vt; izrki flad ¼lquhy½ dsj fcvkg yxu ,d nqb fnu vkxs ihNs Vdjk; x;h jghaA lquhy ds cgqjh cjkr dsj t”u vk;ksftr jgk] fo|k th vkS ge djNuk igq¡psuA cksdjk&”kjkc ds Hkkst e gegw¡ “kkfey gks; x;uA v¡xus ek Hkkstu djr fookn c<+kA fo|k th Nr ij ls xjtha ^^b;k dk gksr ykx gS**\ vkS ckr Bk<+ gks; x; mg; ^lkl ds fjl] irksg ds Åij* okyhA fo|k th Hkkstu ugha fdfgu vkS lcsjs fcuk eq¡g tqBkjs] gejs lkFk py fnfgu vejikVUk dkA pkj lky fo|k th vkS ge djNuk ugha x;u] r mgkSa ls dksÅ gejs bgk¡ ugha vkck] tcfd b;k chp dbvd eaxy&veaxy dkjt djNuk vkS gejsm bgk¡ HksaA  

 Lo0 uUgs dsj fcfV;k lkS0 lquhrk] dk¡dj ds Jh Hkxr flag ds csVk fpa0 eqds”k flag ds lax fcvkgh gbZA ftuds fcvkg lekjksg e ge ik¡ps “kkfey ugha Hk;s jgsuA tc ge cjk e jgr jgsu r gejs bgk¡ lquhrk vkS eqds”k vk;sa] r fo|k th cgqr izlUu HkbZ jghaA gejs edku dsj iwtk&ikB vkS f[kpjh Hkkst lEiuu djk; ds lq/khj pys xsa lstgjh] jfg x;u fo|k th vkS geA lquhrk vius ckck llqj Lo0 yky deys”oj flag ,MoksdsV] Lora=ark laxzke lsukuh vkS HkwriwoZ fo/kk;d ifjokj ds lkFk jhok ds ?kks?kj fLFkr edku e jgr jghaA muds uotkr f”k”kq dsj cjgkSa Hkkst vk;ksftr jgkA gegw¡ dk vkeaf=r dhu xkA mgk¡ ig¡qpsu r uUgs dsj utj gejs Åij iM+hA /kk; ds vk;sa gekj xksM+ yS ijsaA ge yxk; fygsu xjs vkS Hkkstu mijkUr ysck; ys vk;u ?kjsA vk/kh jkr chfr xS jgh tc gejs ?kjs vk; ds uUgs] yyfd ds cfgu dsj xksM+ y; ijsaA cbfB xsa iyax ij vkS gks; ykxha pjpkA ckr ls ckr fudkjr uUgs dfgu ^^cfgu rqe r ge lc Hkkbu ls cM+h g;k] rqe ukjkt gks r ge rqEgjs xksM+s yksV ds euk; ysc] iS tks ge ukjkt gksc r rqe dk dfjgk**\ ^^ rqEgjs xyqvk ek pmFksjk tek; ds** dgr QQd ijha] vkS nwukS tus iksaN; ykxsa vkiu vkiu vk¡[khA

oS|ukFk /kke ;k=k

dqN nsj e ckr dsj #[k cnyk] pjpk pyh uUgs }kjk vk;ksftr oS|ukFk /kke ;k=k dsjA vejikVu e jgsu tc b;k ;k=k vk;ksftr Hk; jghA fo|k th ds lkFk cl ls jokuk gks; ds jhok gksr tk; ig¡qps jgsu djNukA ;k=k e tk; furh uUgs ds HkkbZ&Hkmtkbu dsj rS;kjh ugha jgh] rS;kjh jgh muds iRuh dsj] tss cgqr pqycqyh vkS etkfd; gSaA muds LoHkko ds vuq:Ik uUgs ds ckcw th] gekj llqj lkgc uke /kjk;s jgsa fNcqYdkA b;k uke vblu :<+ Hkk fd ;sek tqfj xk HkkHkh] pkph] ekeh vkS nknh ?kyk;A lg;k=k [kkfrj uUgs ds iV~Vhnkj] nqb ifjokj vmj tqfj xsaA

 oS|ukFk /kke ;k=k “kq: gksfr gS iz;kxjkt lsA tgk¡ xaxk Luku d; ds] ty y; tkck tkr gS  oS|ukFk /kkEk] Qsj bgk¡ LFkkfir ryk;s ek vluku d; ds lkFk ysvk;s ty ls vluku djck tkr gS] eafnj ek fcjkth nso izfrek dsjA

losjsu gekj ny vk; ig¡qpk xaxk rV ijA mQuku jgha xaxk&tequk] laxe dgkSa ns[kkr; ugha jgkA ekg Hkk¡nkS ek Hk¡nbZa xaxk Luku dsj egkfre ekU; gS] gejs /kje ek] tc vksdj ikuh dkiw vl gks; tkr gSA gekj eu f?kuk; xk vluku dj; lsA ij J)kokuu dsj lkFk fdgs uDdks ugha cu; pkgr jgsu ;sls f?kukr f?kukr geg¡w vluku fdgsuA lc ds ns[kk fl[kh geg¡w Vhu dsj NksV fifd;k cslkgu] vksdk Hkju diwgk xaxk ty ls vkS djk; fygsu lhyA mvk dky rd] b;k dke [kkfrj IykfLVd fifd;u dsj pyu ugha gks; ikok jgkA xaxk rV ij Vhu dsj fifd;k fcdr jgha vkS lhy djb;k ekStwn jgr jgsaA

bykgkckn ls ;k=k “kq: HkS Vªsu lsA ny uk;dh lEgkfju gky; ek Vh0Vh0bZ0 in ls fjVk;j Jh ds0 ih0 flagA djNuk ifjokj ds ukrs uUgs jgsa mudj ppkA ds0ih0 flag djk; fnfgu ge ik¡pu dsj O;oLFkk Lyhij cFkZu ijA lc tuu dsj ,d lsV ifj/kku xhy gks; xs jgsa] tmusu dk esgjs#;s vkS eUls#;s f[kM+fdu ek Q¡lk;s lq[koko; e e”kxwy jgsaA f[kM+dh ls tgk¡ Hkj ns[kk;] mgk¡ fNNyr ikuh ns[kk;] ykx; cwM+k p<+k gSA cukjl ¼okjk.klh½ vkS iVuk gksr jkr vk; ig¡qpsu oS|ukFk /kkeA LVs”ku ij mrfj ds vkiu vkiu lkeku ykns] ghaVr vk; ig¡qpsu eq[; eafnj ds tejs] djNuk okysUk ds i.Mk th ds /keZ”kkyk ekA

cS|ukFk /kke feFkd ds tkudkj tmu gegh crkbu] mg; ge viuk d crk; jgsu gSA nlkuu jko.k f”ko&”kadj dk izlUu db ds cjnku ikoS furh ri yhu jgkA p<+k; fnfgl ,d ,d db ds dkVr vkiu nlkS ewM+A izlUu gks; ds “kadj th vksds lkeus lk{kkr Bk<+ Hksa dfgu ^ek¡x tmu cjnku ek¡xS d gks;] mvk ge rksgh nsc*A

jko.k cksy ^gedk cjnku u pkgh] ge pkfgr gS fd viuk gejs bgk¡ pyh] tmus ge viuk dsj eu ilkj lsok d; ldh**A

 vm?kM+ nkuh dfgu ^^ ge py; d rS;kj g;u iS dSyk”k ugha R;kfx ldh**A

^^ge viuk dk dSyk”k lfgr y; pyc^^ jko.k cksyk A “kadj th okgu ds okjs e iw¡fNu r jko.k ns[kkbl vkiu dk¡/kkA “kadj th ljr yxkbu fd ;k=k chp mudk Hkq¡b ij u /kjk tk;A jko.k “kadj th ds ljr eatwj djr mBk; fyfgl dSykl lesr mugh vius dk¡/kk ij vkS py fnfglA bgk¡ igq¡pr jko.k d filkc yfx vkbZA lkeus ns[kku ,d pjokg] jko.k] “kadj th dk vksgh Bsa?kk; ds islkc djS cbfB xkA pjokg tsdj uke oS|ukFk jgk] x#vkbu ejk; ykx r “kadj th dk /k; fnfgl Hkq¡b ij vkS mgk¡ ls Vfj ds filkc dj; ykx tgk¡ Hkfjxk rykcA jko.k filkc db ds vkck vkS mBkcS ykx “kadj th dk] yk[k dksfll fdfgl ij “kadj th Vl ls el ugha HksaA dj; ykx jko.k “kadj th dsj Lrqfr] rc cksysa “kadj th ^^ rSa gekj ljr iwj ugha d; ik;s] vc ge bgk¡ ls u mBc**A vksbu “kadj th bgk¡ ds eafnj ek fcjkts gSA “kadj th pjokg cfu ds vk;s jgsa vkS vkiu uke crk;s jgsa cS|ukFk] tmus uke ls bgk¡ i/kkjs gSaA

ge dgsu ^^bgk¡ r “kadj fyax dsj iwtk gksfr gS] cgjgky  b;k crkbZ fd mvk dmu dky jgk] dk jko.k vkiu xngk ckyk ewM+ p<k; fngs jgk fd cjdk; fygs jgk**\ tokc jgk ^^ dky&ns”k dsj gedk tkudkjh ugha vk;] ewM+ p<+kcr ge ugha fn[ksu] tmu ge laru&egaru ls lqus jgu rmu crk; fngsu**A

crkcS okys crkbu fd /keZ”kkyk ds lkeus iDds ?kkV c¡/ks ryk;s ek vluku db ds iz;kx th ls ysvk;s xaxk ty ls cS|ukFk th dsj tykfHk’ksd dhu tkr gSA gejs eu ek “kadk mBh fd dk b;k mg; rykc vk; tmu jko.k ds filkc fdgs ls cfu xk jgk\ dksÅ tkudkj lek/kku fdgs jgsa fd mvk rykc var; dqN nwjh ij gSAa

nqljs fnu lcsjsu ls viuss lkfFku d ifN;ku]  tmu tmu Å¡ ik¡ps fdfgu geg¡w fdgsuA rykc Ckgqr xfgj gSA vluku dj; [kkfrj Eksgjk#vu vkS esUls#vu ds vyx vyx lqjf{kr ?kkV cus gSA vluku LFky e r de iS eafnj izkxa.k ek tcj HkhM+ jghA eqgkojk ugha Qqfju Qqj xubu ds dk¡/kk ls dk¡/kk fNys tkr jgsaA y{; jgk] lkFk ys vk;s xaxk ty ls bgk¡ LFkkfir f”ko ftax dk Luku djmcA cM+s e”kDr ls eq[; eafnj ds Hkhrj ?kqfl ds ugok; ik;u f”kofyaxA ckgj izkxa.k fLFkr eafnju dk nsf[k ds vk; x;u /keZ”kkykA esgjs#;s yfx xbZa Hkkstu cukc; ekA ds0ih0 flag dgkSa pys xs jgsaA okil vk;sa r >ksjk e iwtk lkexzh ds lkFk ys vk;sa fOgfLdh dsj v?/khA crkbu fd b;k lc lkexzh] rkaf+=d ds ek¡x vuqlkj yb vk;u gSA ektjk le>;&cw>; d muds lkFk] uUgs vkS geg¡w py fngsu rkaf=d ds vkJe dkA bgk¡ tcj >ksiM+k jgkA ,d dksus] tVk&twV /kkjh] dkyk&dywVk] gfy;kgwl rkfU=d yky vk¡[kh feyfeykor cbB jgkA tejs e iM+h [ktwj iRru ds f[kjh pVkbZ ij ge ik¡psu d cbBkblA ds0ih0 flag d sys vk;s lkeku d lgsftlA Qsj mBk vkS xksM+ df<+ykor vLVkcØ ds ukbZa pyr nqljs dksus ij fcjkth izfrek ds lkeus cbfB ds lkexzh p<+kblA fOgLdh ckVy dsj Bsihs eq#fj ds [kksfyl vkS FkksM+ dk “kjkc izfrek ij mM+sfy ds Bsih can db ds /k; fyfglA Qsj ds0ih0 d ,d iqfM+;k nb ds xjkZ; ds cksyk ^^ tgk¡ og lksrh gks ogk¡ dgha fNik ds j[kuk] rkfd og u tku ik;s**A vmjkS dqN le>kblA b;k lc ns[kr&lqur ge f[kfl;ku] fHkrj;&Hkhrj elelkr jgs vk;uA cØ QwV tc ckgj vk;uA  ds0 ih0 ls dgsu ^^ i<+s&fy[ks] nsl&nqfu;k ns[ks vki yksxksa dks ,sls csgwnk dke djrs ns[k vk”p;Z gksrk gS**A  ds0 ih0 crkbu ^^esjh ,d cgw v?kZ fof{kIr gSA lc rjg ds mipkj djk dj gkj x;kA yksxksa us crk;k fd ;g rkfU=d vius rU=&eU= ls ,sls yksxksa dks Bhd dj nsrk gSA fo”okl u gksus ij Hkh lkspk “kk;n dfj”ek gks tk;A nks&<kbZ lkS gh rks [kpZ gq,**A

yfM+dbZa ek cgqr uke lqus jgsu rwQku esy dsjA okilh [kkfrj bg; Vªsu feyhA fo|kth ds lkFk okjk.klh e ge jkr Vªsu ls mrfj x;uA iwjk ny pyk xkA losjss ge nwukS tus fo”oukFk eafnj] Hkkjr ekrk eafnj] cukjl fgUnw ;qfuoflZVh vkS guqeku eafnj nsf[k ds lkjukFk x;uA e`xnko] Lrwi] ckS) eafnju ds vykok laxzgky; nsf[k ds vk;u okjk.klh vkS jkr dsj Vªsu idfM+ ds cgqfj x;u djNuk Qsj vejikVuA

foU/;kpy ;k=k

;knxkj cuh vejikVu ls foU/;kpy ;k=k ;sls fd b;k lifjokj lEiUUk dhu x; jghA ukrh fpa0 vfpZr ¼csVw½ dsj ewM+u foU/;okfluh nsoh LFky e djkc; dsj ;kstuk cuk; ds] thi fdjk;s ij yhu x;A fo|k th vkS gejs lkFk pyha vfpZr ds lkFk js[kk] Hkksiky ls vius csVu jkgqy vkS NksVw ¼Lo0 xxusUnz½ ds lkFk vk;ha]+ mudj cM+h HkkStkbZ izHkk] ygqj HkmtkbZ lq’kek ds dksjk e jgha iz’kqek ts jgar jgha gejsu lkFk vejikVu ekA iz”kkUr vk; xs jgs vkS lq/khj ?kyk;]a tsdj rc rd fc;kg ugha Hkk jgkA

   rM+dsu vejikVu ls jokuk gks; ds nqigj bykgkckn igq¡fp ds Lkaxe Luku dhu xkA “kgj dbZ vkor  ?kjklkbZ fo”kky guqeku izfrek ds n”kZu d; ds ikj fdgsu ca/kkuA Hk¡w[k mftxj gks; vkbZ jghA  iwM+h&lCth lkFk e jghA cbfB ds Hkkstu dj; dsj LFky [kkstr ns[kku mvk >kiM+ cV c`{k] tmus ds rjh pmjk c¡/kk gSA mvk gS fdyk ds izos”k lM+d vkS “kgj ls laxe tk; okyh lM+d ds tksM+ ds tejsA Hkkstu d; ds jhrsu] “kgj e u ?kqfl ds cbcsu cbcs ;equk fczt ikj db ds uSuh gksr vk; x;u djNukA rcS ;equk ij uok iqy ugha cuk jgk vk;A jkr foJke djNuk e HkkA losjs thi ij lc tus yns Qns py fngsu foU/;kpy dkA xaxk unh ds nf{k.khrV ij clk gS uxj tmu dgkor gS foU/;kpyA bgSa ,d Å¡ps fVdqjk ij LFkkfir gS nsoh eafnjA b;k dgkor gS foU/;okfluh nsoh eafnjA nwj izokfgr mfpr LFky] xaxk rV ryk”k ds eq.Mu laLdkj lEiUu d; ds cgqfj vk;u djNukA

       b;k ;k=k e gedk eksfgr fdfgl foU/;kpy miR;dkA lqf/k djk; fnfgl nsodhuanu [k=h jfpr i<+s fryLeh] ,s;kjh vkS ?kVuk iz/kku dkYifud miU;kl ^pUnzdk¡rk larfr* dsj tmus ek foU/;kpy dsj mYYks[k Hkk gSA vksgh ls vk/kkfjr cuk Vh0oh0 -lhfj;y  yksxu ds chp [kwc ilan dhu xkA jhok jkT; ek foU/;kpy tmus dk ekM+k igkj dgktkr gs djs Bksfl;k ck¡l dsj ykBh cgqr ilan dhu tkr jghaA    

iwjh jkr chfr x; ckr djr] rc uUgs mBsa] mudk idM+; d jgh lcsjs bykgkckn dsj clA rc ls ifgys ds ukbZa iqfu ds cgky gks; x;a izxk<+rk djNuk lsA   

flracj lu 1797 ek jhok ek Hk;adj ck<+ vk;h] chgj] fcfN;k unh vkS f>fj;k ukyk rVorhZ cLrh rokg gks; x;h jghaA gekj edku f>fj;k ukyk ds dkBs ij gksr dhu cfp xkA lkeus ds QkVd rd f>fj;k dsj ikuh igq¡fp ds vkslfV xk jgkA nqckjk 3 vDVwcj 2003 dk ck<+ ek f>fj;k ukyk rckg fdfgl ujsUnz uxj dkA gejs ?kjs nqb fQV ikuh Hkfj ek jgkA rhu ?k.Vu fo|k th] lq/khj vkS ge ?kj NksafM+ ds iM+kslh Lo0 mek”kadj flag ds bgk¡ iukg fygs jgs vk;uA xuher jgh fd ck<+ losjs] fnu ds 9 cts vk;hA lkS0 xqM~Mh] vlw vkS vlh dk EkqUuk th ¼/khjsUnz½ ifgysu ysok; y; xs jgsa vius bgk¡ usg: uxjA gekj ckm.Mªh oky /kjklkbZ gks; x; jghA QkVd ds lkeus dfjgk¡ cqM+km¡ rst /kkj cgr jghA ;sruh rst fd ge  ,d nqljs ds gk¡Fk idfM+ ds /kkj ikj fdgs jgsuA